# Physics-Informed Learning of Proprietary Inverter Models for Grid Dynamic Studies

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.15259 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.15259/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 3 of its 8 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 21 Jul 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 3 of 3)

- [Neural Ordinary Differential Equations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1806.07366/) (2018)
- [Latent ODEs for Irregularly-Sampled Time Series](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.03907/) (2019)
- [On Approximating the Dynamic Response of Synchronous Generators via Operator Learning: A Step Towards Building Deep Operator-based Power Grid Simulators](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.12538/) (2023)

## Abstract (arXiv)

This letter develops a novel physics-informed neural ordinary differential equations-based framework to emulate the proprietary dynamics of the inverters -- essential for improved accuracy in grid dynamic simulations. In current industry practice, the original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) often do not disclose the exact internal controls and parameters of the inverters, posing significant challenges in performing accurate dynamic simulations and other relevant studies, such as gain tunings for stability analysis and controls. To address this, we propose a Physics-Informed Latent Neural ODE Model (PI-LNM) that integrates system physics with neural learning layers to capture the unmodeled behaviors of proprietary units. The proposed method is validated using a grid-forming inverter (GFM) case study, demonstrating improved dynamic simulation accuracy over approaches that rely solely on data-driven learning without physics-based guidance.