# TRAN-D: 2D Gaussian Splatting-based Sparse-view Transparent Object Depth Reconstruction via Physics Simulation for Scene Update

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.11069 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.11069/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 34 of its 43 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 15 Jul 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 34)

- [BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1810.04805/) (2018)
- [Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.00020/) (2021)
- [Segment Anything](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.02643/) (2023)
- [DINOv2: Learning Robust Visual Features without Supervision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.07193/) (2023)
- [3D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Rendering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.04079/) (2023)
- [DreamBooth: Fine Tuning Text-to-Image Diffusion Models for Subject-Driven Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.12242/) (2022)
- [V-Net: Fully Convolutional Neural Networks for Volumetric Medical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1606.04797/) (2016)
- [DUSt3R: Geometric 3D Vision Made Easy](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.14132/) (2023)
- [Towards Robust Monocular Depth Estimation: Mixing Datasets for Zero-shot Cross-dataset Transfer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.01341/) (2019)
- [2D Gaussian Splatting for Geometrically Accurate Radiance Fields](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.17888/) (2024)
- [Grounding Image Matching in 3D with MASt3R](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.09756/) (2024)
- [SuGaR: Surface-Aligned Gaussian Splatting for Efficient 3D Mesh Reconstruction and High-Quality Mesh Rendering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.12775/) (2023)
- [MVSplat: Efficient 3D Gaussian Splatting from Sparse Multi-View Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.14627/) (2024)
- [FSGS: Real-Time Few-shot View Synthesis using Gaussian Splatting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.00451/) (2023)
- [DiffTaichi: Differentiable Programming for Physical Simulation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1910.00935/) (2019)
- [DNGaussian: Optimizing Sparse-View 3D Gaussian Radiance Fields with Global-Local Depth Normalization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.06912/) (2024)
- [MV-DUSt3R+: Single-Stage Scene Reconstruction from Sparse Views In 2 Seconds](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.06974/) (2024)
- [SparseGS: Sparse View Synthesis using 3D Gaussian Splatting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.00206/) (2023)
- [Dex-NeRF: Using a Neural Radiance Field to Grasp Transparent Objects](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.14217/) (2021)
- [latentSplat: Autoencoding Variational Gaussians for Fast Generalizable 3D Reconstruction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.16292/) (2024)
- [Segmenting Transparent Objects in the Wild](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.13948/) (2020)
- [TranSplat: Generalizable 3D Gaussian Splatting from Sparse Multi-View Images with Transformers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.13770/) (2024)
- [GaussianObject: High-Quality 3D Object Reconstruction from Four Views with Gaussian Splatting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.10259/) (2024)
- [HiSplat: Hierarchical 3D Gaussian Splatting for Generalizable Sparse-View Reconstruction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.06245/) (2024)
- [ClearPose: Large-scale Transparent Object Dataset and Benchmark](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.03890/) (2022)
- [FatesGS: Fast and Accurate Sparse-View Surface Reconstruction using Gaussian Splatting with Depth-Feature Consistency](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.04628/) (2025)
- [A4T: Hierarchical Affordance Detection for Transparent Objects Depth Reconstruction and Manipulation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.04907/) (2022)
- [GausSurf: Geometry-Guided 3D Gaussian Splatting for Surface Reconstruction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.19454/) (2024)
- [TransparentGS: Fast Inverse Rendering of Transparent Objects with Gaussians](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.18768/) (2025)
- [TRansPose: Large-Scale Multispectral Dataset for Transparent Object](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.05016/) (2023)

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [DeLTa: Demonstration and Language-Guided Novel Transparent Object Manipulation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.05662/) (2025)
- [Informative Object-centric Next Best View for Object-aware 3D Gaussian Splatting in Cluttered Scenes](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.08266/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Understanding the 3D geometry of transparent objects from RGB images is challenging due to their inherent physical properties, such as reflection and refraction. To address these difficulties, especially in scenarios with sparse views and dynamic environments, we introduce TRAN-D, a novel 2D Gaussian Splatting-based depth reconstruction method for transparent objects. Our key insight lies in separating transparent objects from the background, enabling focused optimization of Gaussians corresponding to the object. We mitigate artifacts with an object-aware loss that places Gaussians in obscured regions, ensuring coverage of invisible surfaces while reducing overfitting. Furthermore, we incorporate a physics-based simulation that refines the reconstruction in just a few seconds, effectively handling object removal and chain-reaction movement of remaining objects without the need for rescanning. TRAN-D is evaluated on both synthetic and real-world sequences, and it consistently demonstrated robust improvements over existing GS-based state-of-the-art methods. In comparison with baselines, TRAN-D reduces the mean absolute error by over 39% for the synthetic TRansPose sequences. Furthermore, despite being updated using only one image, TRAN-D reaches a δ < 2.5 cm accuracy of 48.46%, over 1.5 times that of baselines, which uses six images. Code and more results are available at https://jeongyun0609.github.io/TRAN-D/.