# LLM-Augmented Symptom Analysis for Cardiovascular Disease Risk Prediction: A Clinical NLP

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.11052 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.11052/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 18 of its 25 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 15 Jul 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 18 of 18)

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## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Efficient Cold-Start Recommendation via BPE Token-Level Embedding Initialization with LLM](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.13179/) (2025)
- [LLMs for Cardiovascular Risk Prediction from Structured Clinical Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.00031/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Timely identification and accurate risk stratification of cardiovascular disease (CVD) remain essential for reducing global mortality. While existing prediction models primarily leverage structured data, unstructured clinical notes contain valuable early indicators. This study introduces a novel LLM-augmented clinical NLP pipeline that employs domain-adapted large language models for symptom extraction, contextual reasoning, and correlation from free-text reports. Our approach integrates cardiovascular-specific fine-tuning, prompt-based inference, and entity-aware reasoning. Evaluations on MIMIC-III and CARDIO-NLP datasets demonstrate improved performance in precision, recall, F1-score, and AUROC, with high clinical relevance (kappa = 0.82) assessed by cardiologists. Challenges such as contextual hallucination, which occurs when plausible information contracts with provided source, and temporal ambiguity, which is related with models struggling with chronological ordering of events are addressed using prompt engineering and hybrid rule-based verification. This work underscores the potential of LLMs in clinical decision support systems (CDSS), advancing early warning systems and enhancing the translation of patient narratives into actionable risk assessments.