# Maximizing Reliability in Overlay Radio Networks with Time Switching and Power Splitting Energy Harvesting

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.06983 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.06983/

## Key facts

- Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 9 Jul 2025.

## Built on by (most cited first, 3 of 3)

- [ML-Enabled Open RAN: A Comprehensive Survey of Architectures, Challenges, and Opportunities](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.01239/) (2026)
- [Trustworthy AI-Driven Dynamic Hybrid RIS: Joint Optimization and Reward Poisoning-Resilient Control in Cognitive MISO Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.01238/) (2026)
- [When Critics Disagree: Adaptive Reward Poisoning Attacks in RIS-Aided Wireless Control System](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.20037/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Cognitive radio networks (CRNs) are acknowledged for their ability to tackle the issue of spectrum under-utilization. In the realm of CRNs, this paper investigates the energy efficiency issue and addresses the critical challenge of optimizing system reliability for overlay CRN access mode. Randomly dispersed secondary users (SUs) serving as relays for primary users (PUs) are considered, in which one of these relays is designated to harvest energy through the time switching-energy harvesting (EH) protocol. Moreover, this relay amplifies-and-forwards (AF) the PU's messages and broadcasts them along with its own across cascaded kappa-μ fading channels. The power splitting protocol is another EH approach utilized by the SU and PU receivers to enhance the amount of energy in their storage devices. In addition, the SU transmitters and the SU receiver are deployed with multiple antennas for reception and apply the maximal ratio combining approach. The outage probability is utilized to assess both networks' reliability. Then, an energy efficiency evaluation is performed to determine the effectiveness of EH on the system. Finally, an optimization problem is provided with the goal of maximizing the data rate of the SUs by optimizing the time switching and the power allocation parameters of the SU relay.