# Attention-Enhanced Deep Learning Ensemble for Breast Density Classification in Mammography

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.06410 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.06410/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 1 of its 6 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 8 Jul 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [VinDr-Mammo: A large-scale benchmark dataset for computer-aided diagnosis in full-field digital mammography](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.11205/) (2022)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Breast density assessment is a crucial component of mammographic interpretation, with high breast density (BI-RADS categories C and D) representing both a significant risk factor for developing breast cancer and a technical challenge for tumor detection. This study proposes an automated deep learning system for robust binary classification of breast density (low: A/B vs. high: C/D) using the VinDr-Mammo dataset. We implemented and compared four advanced convolutional neural networks: ResNet18, ResNet50, EfficientNet-B0, and DenseNet121, each enhanced with channel attention mechanisms. To address the inherent class imbalance, we developed a novel Combined Focal Label Smoothing Loss function that integrates focal loss, label smoothing, and class-balanced weighting. Our preprocessing pipeline incorporated advanced techniques, including contrast-limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE) and comprehensive data augmentation. The individual models were combined through an optimized ensemble voting approach, achieving superior performance (AUC: 0.963, F1-score: 0.952) compared to any single model. This system demonstrates significant potential to standardize density assessments in clinical practice, potentially improving screening efficiency and early cancer detection rates while reducing inter-observer variability among radiologists.