# MAC-Lookup: Multi-Axis Conditional Lookup Model for Underwater Image Enhancement

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.02270 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.02270/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 24 of its 56 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 3 Jul 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 24 of 24)

- [The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metric](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1801.03924/) (2018)
- [MAXIM: Multi-Axis MLP for Image Processing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.02973/) (2022)
- [An Underwater Image Enhancement Benchmark Dataset and Beyond](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1901.05495/) (2019)
- [Fast Underwater Image Enhancement for Improved Visual Perception](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1903.09766/) (2019)
- [Explicit Visual Prompting for Low-Level Structure Segmentations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.10883/) (2023)
- [U-shape Transformer for Underwater Image Enhancement](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.11843/) (2021)
- [Contrastive Semi-supervised Learning for Underwater Image Restoration via Reliable Bank](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.09101/) (2023)
- [Underwater Ranker: Learn Which Is Better and How to Be Better](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.06857/) (2022)
- [Seeing Clearly by Layer Two: Enhancing Attention Heads to Alleviate Hallucination in LVLMs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2411.09968/) (2024)
- [PUGAN: Physical Model-Guided Underwater Image Enhancement Using GAN with Dual-Discriminators](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.08918/) (2023)
- [Domain Adaptation for Underwater Image Enhancement](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.09650/) (2021)
- [CoordFill: Efficient High-Resolution Image Inpainting via Parameterized Coordinate Querying](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.08524/) (2023)
- [NILUT: Conditional Neural Implicit 3D Lookup Tables for Image Enhancement](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.11920/) (2023)
- [Toward Sufficient Spatial-Frequency Interaction for Gradient-aware Underwater Image Enhancement](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.04089/) (2023)
- [Depth-aware Test-Time Training for Zero-shot Video Object Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.04258/) (2024)
- [DOPRA: Decoding Over-accumulation Penalization and Re-allocation in Specific Weighting Layer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.15130/) (2024)
- [Instance-adaptive Zero-shot Chain-of-Thought Prompting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.20441/) (2024)
- [SiENet: Siamese Expansion Network for Image Extrapolation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.03851/) (2020)
- [Image Fusion for Cross-Domain Sequential Recommendation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.15694/) (2024)
- [Noise Calibration and Spatial-Frequency Interactive Network for STEM Image Enhancement](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.02555/) (2025)
- [FCDFusion: a Fast, Low Color Deviation Method for Fusing Visible and Infrared Image Pairs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.01080/) (2024)
- [Test-Time Intensity Consistency Adaptation for Shadow Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.07695/) (2024)
- [ForgeryTTT: Zero-Shot Image Manipulation Localization with Test-Time Training](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.04032/) (2024)
- [Efficient Remote Sensing Segmentation With Generative Adversarial Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.01292/) (2023)

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [DEFNet: Multitasks-based Deep Evidential Fusion Network for Blind Image Quality Assessment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.19418/) (2025)
- [Forestpest-YOLO: A High-Performance Detection Framework for Small Forestry Pests](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.00547/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Enhancing underwater images is crucial for exploration. These images face visibility and color issues due to light changes, water turbidity, and bubbles. Traditional prior-based methods and pixel-based methods often fail, while deep learning lacks sufficient high-quality datasets. We introduce the Multi-Axis Conditional Lookup (MAC-Lookup) model, which enhances visual quality by improving color accuracy, sharpness, and contrast. It includes Conditional 3D Lookup Table Color Correction (CLTCC) for preliminary color and quality correction and Multi-Axis Adaptive Enhancement (MAAE) for detail refinement. This model prevents over-enhancement and saturation while handling underwater challenges. Extensive experiments show that MAC-Lookup excels in enhancing underwater images by restoring details and colors better than existing methods. The code is https://github.com/onlycatdoraemon/MAC-Lookup.