# A Fuzzy Approach to the Specification, Verification and Validation of Risk-Based Ethical Decision Making Models

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.01410 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.01410/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 1 of its 34 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 2 Jul 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Towards Verifiably Ethical Robot Behaviour](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1504.03592/) (2015)

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [ff4ERA: A new Fuzzy Framework for Ethical Risk Assessment in AI](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.00899/) (2025)
- [fEDM+: A Risk-Based Fuzzy Ethical Decision Making Framework with Principle-Level Explainability and Pluralistic Validation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.21746/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The ontological and epistemic complexities inherent in the moral domain make it challenging to establish clear standards for evaluating the performance of a moral machine. In this paper, we present a formal method to describe Ethical Decision Making models based on ethical risk assessment. Then, we show how these models that are specified as fuzzy rules can be verified and validated using fuzzy Petri nets. A case study from the medical field is considered to illustrate the proposed approach.