# Generalizability of Media Frames: Corpus creation and analysis across countries

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.16337 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.16337/

## Key facts

- Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 13 of its 40 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 19 Jun 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 13 of 13)

- [GPT-4 Technical Report](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.08774/) (2023)
- [The Llama 3 Herd of Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.21783/) (2024)
- [Unsupervised Cross-lingual Representation Learning at Scale](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1911.02116/) (2019)
- [Qwen2 Technical Report](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.10671/) (2024)
- [BERTopic: Neural topic modeling with a class-based TF-IDF procedure](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.05794/) (2022)
- [Toward a Perspectivist Turn in Ground Truthing for Predictive Computing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.04270/) (2021)
- [Beyond prompt brittleness: Evaluating the reliability and consistency of political worldviews in LLMs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.17649/) (2024)
- [Framing and Agenda-setting in Russian News: a Computational Analysis of Intricate Political Strategies](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1808.09386/) (2018)
- [Modeling Framing in Immigration Discourse on Social Media](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.06443/) (2021)
- [A Systematic Media Frame Analysis of 1.5 Million New York Times Articles from 2000 to 2017](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.01803/) (2020)
- [Universal Semantic Parsing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1702.03196/) (2017)
- [Scientia Potentia Est -- On the Role of Knowledge in Computational Argumentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.00281/) (2021)
- [Operationalizing Framing to Support Multiperspective Recommendations of Opinion Pieces](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2101.06141/) (2021)

## Built on by (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [Retain or Reframe? A Computational Framework for the Analysis of Framing in News Articles and Reader Comments](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.04612/) (2025)
- [Structuring the Space of Perspectives](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.12113/) (2026)
- [From Emotion to Expression: Theoretical Foundations and Resources for Fear Speech](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.17132/) (2026)
- [Discourse-Aware Policy Analysis with Argumentation: A Hybrid LLM-Symbolic Framework for Disaster Governance](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.13260/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Frames capture aspects of an issue that are emphasized in a debate by interlocutors and can help us understand how political language conveys different perspectives and ultimately shapes people's opinions. The Media Frame Corpus (MFC) is the most commonly used framework with categories and detailed guidelines for operationalizing frames. It is, however, focused on a few salient U.S. news issues, making it unclear how well these frames can capture news issues in other cultural contexts. To explore this, we introduce FrameNews-PT, a dataset of Brazilian Portuguese news articles covering political and economic news and annotate it within the MFC framework. Through several annotation rounds, we evaluate the extent to which MFC frames generalize to the Brazilian debate issues. We further evaluate how fine-tuned and zero-shot models perform on out-of-domain data. Results show that the 15 MFC frames remain broadly applicable with minor revisions of the guidelines. However, some MFC frames are rarely used, and novel news issues are analyzed using general 'fall-back' frames. We conclude that cross-cultural frame use requires careful consideration.