# DOVA-PATBM: An Intelligent, Adaptive, and Scalable Framework for Optimizing Large-Scale EV Charging Infrastructure

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.15289 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.15289/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 2 of its 31 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 18 Jun 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Electric Vehicle User Charging Behavior Analysis Integrating Psychological and Environmental Factors: A Statistical-Driven LLM based Agent Approach](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.05233/) (2024)
- [Plug-in Electric Vehicle Charging Congestion Analysis Using Taxi Travel Data in the Central Area of Beijing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1712.07300/) (2017)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The accelerating uptake of battery-electric vehicles demands infrastructure planning tools that are both data-rich and geographically scalable. Whereas most prior studies optimise charging locations for single cities, state-wide and national networks must reconcile the conflicting requirements of dense metropolitan cores, car-dependent exurbs, and power-constrained rural corridors. We present DOVA-PATBM (Deployment Optimisation with Voronoi-oriented, Adaptive, POI-Aware Temporal Behaviour Model), a geo-computational framework that unifies these contexts in a single pipeline. The method rasterises heterogeneous data (roads, population, night lights, POIs, and feeder lines) onto a hierarchical H3 grid, infers intersection importance with a zone-normalised graph neural network centrality model, and overlays a Voronoi tessellation that guarantees at least one five-port DC fast charger within every 30 km radius. Hourly arrival profiles, learned from loop-detector and floating-car traces, feed a finite M/M/c queue to size ports under feeder-capacity and outage-risk constraints. A greedy maximal-coverage heuristic with income-weighted penalties then selects the minimum number of sites that satisfy coverage and equity targets. Applied to the State of Georgia, USA, DOVA-PATBM (i) increases 30 km tile coverage by 12 percentage points, (ii) halves the mean distance that low-income residents travel to the nearest charger, and (iii) meets sub-transmission headroom everywhere -- all while remaining computationally tractable for national-scale roll-outs. These results demonstrate that a tightly integrated, GNN-driven, multi-resolution approach can bridge the gap between academic optimisation and deployable infrastructure policy.