# Pinching-Antenna Systems (PASS) Meet Multiple Access: NOMA or OMA?

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.13490 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.13490/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 16 Jun 2025.

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [PASS-Enhanced MEC: Joint Optimization of Task Offloading and Uplink PASS Beamforming](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.22948/) (2025)
- [Joint Interference Detection and Identification via Adversarial Multi-task Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.08607/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

A fundamental two-user PASS-based communication system is considered under three MA schemes, namely non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), frequency division multiple access (FDMA), and time division multiple access (TDMA). For each MA scheme, a pinching beamforming optimization problem is formulated to minimize the required transmit power for satisfying users' rate requirements. For NOMA and FDMA, a two-stage algorithm is proposed, where the locations of PAs are derived sequentially by using the successive convex approximation (SCA) method and fine-turning phase adjustment. For TDMA, by leveraging the time-switching feature of PASS, the optimal pinching beamforming of each time slot is derived to maximize the served user channel gain. Numerical results are provided to show that: 1) PASS can achieve a significant performance gain over conventional antenna systems, and 2) NOMA consistently outperforms FDMA, while TDMA provides superior performance than NOMA for symmetric user rate requirements.