# From Ground to Sky: Architectures, Applications, and Challenges Shaping Low-Altitude Wireless Networks

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.12308 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.12308/

## Key facts

- Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 14 Jun 2025.

## Built on by (most cited first, 8 of 8)

- [Multimodal Mixture-of-Experts for ISAC in Low-Altitude Wireless Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.01750/) (2025)
- [Enhancing Low-Altitude Airspace Security: MLLM-Enabled UAV Intent Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.06312/) (2025)
- [Hierarchical Task Offloading and Trajectory Optimization in Low-Altitude Intelligent Networks Via Auction and Diffusion-based MARL](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.11862/) (2025)
- [LAGS: Low-Altitude Gaussian Splatting with Groupwise Heterogeneous Graph Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.16910/) (2026)
- [Large AI Model-Enabled Secure Communications in Low-Altitude Wireless Networks: Concepts, Perspectives and Case Study](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.00256/) (2025)
- [When UAV Swarm Meets IRS: Collaborative Secure Communications in Low-altitude Wireless Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.22117/) (2025)
- [Trajectory Design for UAV-Based Low-Altitude Wireless Networks in Unknown Environments: A Digital Twin-Assisted TD3 Approach](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.24255/) (2025)
- [Client-Verifiable and Efficient Federated Unlearning in Low-Altitude Wireless Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.29688/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

In this article, we introduce a novel low-altitude wireless network (LAWN), which is a reconfigurable, three-dimensional (3D) layered architecture. In particular, the LAWN integrates connectivity, sensing, control, and computing across aerial and terrestrial nodes that enable seamless operation in complex, dynamic, and mission-critical environments. Different from the conventional aerial communication systems, LAWN's distinctive feature is its tight integration of functional planes in which multiple functionalities continually reshape themselves to operate safely and efficiently in the low-altitude sky. With the LAWN, we discuss several enabling technologies, such as integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), semantic communication, and fully-actuated control systems. Finally, we identify potential applications and key cross-layer challenges. This article offers a comprehensive roadmap for future research and development in the low-altitude airspace.