# Upgrade or Switch: Do We Need a Next-Gen Trusted Architecture for the Internet of AI Agents?

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.12003 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.12003/

## Key facts

- Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 3 of its 45 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 13 Jun 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 3 of 3)

- [IPFS - Content Addressed, Versioned, P2P File System](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1407.3561/) (2014)
- [From Mind to Machine: The Rise of Manus AI as a Fully Autonomous Digital Agent](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.02024/) (2025)
- [A Survey on Essential Components of a Self-Sovereign Identity](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1807.06346/) (2018)

## Built on by (most cited first, 8 of 8)

- [Agentic Web: Weaving the Next Web with AI Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.21206/) (2025)
- [Evolution of AI Agent Registry Solutions: Centralized, Enterprise, and Distributed Approaches](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.03095/) (2025)
- [The AGNTCY Agent Directory Service: Architecture and Implementation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.18787/) (2025)
- [Using the NANDA Index Architecture in Practice: An Enterprise Perspective](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.03101/) (2025)
- [MAGIQ: A Post-Quantum Multi-Agentic AI Governance System with Provable Security](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.06933/) (2026)
- [Attacks and Mitigations for Distributed Governance of Agentic AI under Byzantine Adversaries](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.12364/) (2026)
- [Toward an AI-Native Internet: Rethinking the Web Architecture for Semantic Retrieval](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.18354/) (2025)
- [AONA: A Comprehensive Architecture and Workflow Design for Global Agentic Collaboration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.20573/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The emerging Internet of AI Agents challenges existing web infrastructure designed for human-scale, reactive interactions. Unlike traditional web resources, autonomous AI agents initiate actions, maintain persistent state, spawn sub-agents, and negotiate directly with peers: demanding millisecond-level discovery, instant credential revocation, and cryptographic behavioral proofs that exceed current DNS/PKI capabilities. This paper analyzes whether to upgrade existing infrastructure or implement purpose-built index architectures for autonomous agents. We identify critical failure points: DNS propagation (24-48 hours vs. required milliseconds), certificate revocation unable to scale to trillions of entities, and IPv4/IPv6 addressing inadequate for agent-scale routing. We evaluate three approaches: (1) Upgrade paths, (2) Switch options, (3) Hybrid index/registries. Drawing parallels to dialup-to-broadband transitions, we find that agent requirements constitute qualitative, and not incremental, changes. While upgrades offer compatibility and faster deployment, clean-slate solutions provide better performance but require longer for adoption. Our analysis suggests hybrid approaches will emerge, with centralized indexes for critical agents and federated meshes for specialized use cases.