# Bridging RDF Knowledge Graphs with Graph Neural Networks for Semantically-Rich Recommender Systems

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.08743 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.08743/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 32 of its 48 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 10 Jun 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 32)

- [BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1810.04805/) (2018)
- [Semi-Supervised Classification with Graph Convolutional Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1609.02907/) (2016)
- [Graph Attention Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1710.10903/) (2017)
- [Inductive Representation Learning on Large Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.02216/) (2017)
- [Fast Graph Representation Learning with PyTorch Geometric](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1903.02428/) (2019)
- [Open Graph Benchmark: Datasets for Machine Learning on Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.00687/) (2020)
- [Graph Neural Networks: A Review of Methods and Applications](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1812.08434/) (2018)
- [Graph Convolutional Neural Networks for Web-Scale Recommender Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1806.01973/) (2018)
- [Embedding Entities and Relations for Learning and Inference in Knowledge Bases](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1412.6575/) (2014)
- [Complex Embeddings for Simple Link Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1606.06357/) (2016)
- [RotatE: Knowledge Graph Embedding by Relational Rotation in Complex Space](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1902.10197/) (2019)
- [Heterogeneous Graph Attention Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1903.07293/) (2019)
- [Neural Graph Collaborative Filtering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.08108/) (2019)
- [Heterogeneous Graph Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.01332/) (2020)
- [Graph Neural Networks in Recommender Systems: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2011.02260/) (2020)
- [Recommendation as Language Processing (RLP): A Unified Pretrain, Personalized Prompt & Predict Paradigm (P5)](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.13366/) (2022)
- [MAGNN: Metapath Aggregated Graph Neural Network for Heterogeneous Graph Embedding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2002.01680/) (2020)
- [Are we really making much progress? Revisiting, benchmarking, and refining heterogeneous graph neural networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.14936/) (2021)
- [A Survey on Knowledge Graph-Based Recommender Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.00911/) (2020)
- [A Survey of Graph Neural Networks for Recommender Systems: Challenges, Methods, and Directions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.12843/) (2021)
- [RippleNet: Propagating User Preferences on the Knowledge Graph for Recommender Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1803.03467/) (2018)
- [Knowledge Graph Convolutional Networks for Recommender Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.12575/) (2019)
- [Inductive Matrix Completion Based on Graph Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.12058/) (2019)
- [Simple and Efficient Heterogeneous Graph Neural Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.02547/) (2022)
- [On Positional and Structural Node Features for Graph Neural Networks on Non-attributed Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.01495/) (2021)
- [Scalable Graph Neural Networks for Heterogeneous Graphs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2011.09679/) (2020)
- [LLM and GNN are Complementary: Distilling LLM for Multimodal Graph Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.01032/) (2024)
- [SemOpenAlex: The Scientific Landscape in 26 Billion RDF Triples](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.03671/) (2023)
- [Spectral Heterogeneous Graph Convolutions via Positive Noncommutative Polynomials](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.19872/) (2023)
- [Linked Papers With Code: The Latest in Machine Learning as an RDF Knowledge Graph](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.20475/) (2023)

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [The zbMATH Open Knowledge Graph: Tracing Centuries of Mathematical Research](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.00969/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have substantially advanced the field of recommender systems. However, despite the creation of more than a thousand knowledge graphs (KGs) under the W3C standard RDF, their rich semantic information has not yet been fully leveraged in GNN-based recommender systems. To address this gap, we propose a comprehensive integration of RDF KGs with GNNs that utilizes both the topological information from RDF object properties and the content information from RDF datatype properties. Our main focus is an in-depth evaluation of various GNNs, analyzing how different semantic feature initializations and types of graph structure heterogeneity influence their performance in recommendation tasks. Through experiments across multiple recommendation scenarios involving multi-million-node RDF graphs, we demonstrate that harnessing the semantic richness of RDF KGs significantly improves recommender systems and lays the groundwork for GNN-based recommender systems for the Linked Open Data cloud. The code and data are available on our GitHub repository: https://github.com/davidlamprecht/rdf-gnn-recommendation