# Investigating Quantum Feature Maps in Quantum Support Vector Machines for Lung Cancer Classification

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.03272 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.03272/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 4 of its 39 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 3 Jun 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [Supervised learning with quantum enhanced feature spaces](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1804.11326/) (2018)
- [Evaluation: from precision, recall and F-measure to ROC, informedness, markedness and correlation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.16061/) (2020)
- [Quantum Machine Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1611.09347/) (2016)
- [Experimental kernel-based quantum machine learning in finite feature space](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1906.04137/) (2019)

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [A Lightweight Medical Image Classification Framework via Self-Supervised Contrastive Learning and Quantum-Enhanced Feature Modeling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.16608/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

In recent years, quantum machine learning has emerged as a promising intersection between quantum physics and artificial intelligence, particularly in domains requiring advanced pattern recognition such as healthcare. This study investigates the effectiveness of Quantum Support Vector Machines (QSVM), which leverage quantum mechanical phenomena like superposition and entanglement to construct high-dimensional Hilbert spaces for data classification. Focusing on lung cancer diagnosis, a concrete and critical healthcare application, we analyze how different quantum feature maps influence classification performance. Using a real-world dataset of 309 patient records with significant class imbalance (39 non-cancer vs. 270 cancer cases), we constructed six balanced subsets for robust evaluation. QSVM models were implemented using Qiskit and executed on the qasm simulator, employing three distinct quantum feature maps: ZFeatureMap, ZZFeatureMap, and PauliFeatureMap. Performance was assessed using accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, and F1-score. Results show that the PauliFeatureMap consistently outperformed the others, achieving perfect classification in three subsets and strong performance overall. These findings demonstrate how quantum computational principles can be harnessed to enhance diagnostic capabilities, reinforcing the importance of physics-based modeling in emerging AI applications within healthcare.