# MedEBench: Diagnosing Reliability in Text-Guided Medical Image Editing

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.01921 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.01921/

## Key facts

- Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 40 of its 72 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 2 Jun 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 40)

- [Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Context](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1405.0312/) (2014)
- [The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Deep Features as a Perceptual Metric](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1801.03924/) (2018)
- [Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.05233/) (2021)
- [Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.06125/) (2022)
- [Photorealistic Text-to-Image Diffusion Models with Deep Language Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.11487/) (2022)
- [Adding Conditional Control to Text-to-Image Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.05543/) (2023)
- [GLIDE: Towards Photorealistic Image Generation and Editing with Text-Guided Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.10741/) (2021)
- [InstructPix2Pix: Learning to Follow Image Editing Instructions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.09800/) (2022)
- [Prompt-to-Prompt Image Editing with Cross Attention Control](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.01626/) (2022)
- [CLIPScore: A Reference-free Evaluation Metric for Image Captioning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.08718/) (2021)
- [Null-text Inversion for Editing Real Images using Guided Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.09794/) (2022)
- [Imagic: Text-Based Real Image Editing with Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.09276/) (2022)
- [Cascaded Diffusion Models for High Fidelity Image Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.15282/) (2021)
- [Grounded SAM: Assembling Open-World Models for Diverse Visual Tasks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.14159/) (2024)
- [Janus-Pro: Unified Multimodal Understanding and Generation with Data and Model Scaling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.17811/) (2025)
- [DiffusionCLIP: Text-Guided Diffusion Models for Robust Image Manipulation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.02711/) (2021)
- [Imagen Editor and EditBench: Advancing and Evaluating Text-Guided Image Inpainting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.06909/) (2022)
- [In-Context Edit: Enabling Instructional Image Editing with In-Context Generation in Large Scale Diffusion Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.20690/) (2025)
- [InstructDiffusion: A Generalist Modeling Interface for Vision Tasks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.03895/) (2023)
- [Direct Inversion: Boosting Diffusion-based Editing with 3 Lines of Code](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.01506/) (2023)
- [Towards Understanding Cross and Self-Attention in Stable Diffusion for Text-Guided Image Editing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.03431/) (2024)
- [MedSegDiff-V2: Diffusion based Medical Image Segmentation with Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2301.11798/) (2023)
- [Inst-Inpaint: Instructing to Remove Objects with Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.03246/) (2023)
- [Adaptive Image Quality Assessment via Teaching Large Multimodal Model to Compare](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.19298/) (2024)
- [GenerateCT: Text-Conditional Generation of 3D Chest CT Volumes](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.16037/) (2023)
- [I2EBench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Instruction-based Image Editing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.14180/) (2024)
- [Custom-Edit: Text-Guided Image Editing with Customized Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.15779/) (2023)
- [EditVal: Benchmarking Diffusion Based Text-Guided Image Editing Methods](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.02426/) (2023)
- [Paint by Inpaint: Learning to Add Image Objects by Removing Them First](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.18212/) (2024)
- [SwiftEdit: Lightning Fast Text-Guided Image Editing via One-Step Diffusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.04301/) (2024)

## Built on by (most cited first, 8 of 8)

- [Thinking with Images for Multimodal Reasoning: Foundations, Methods, and Future Frontiers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.23918/) (2025)
- [ClinTutor-R1: Advancing Scalable and Robust One-to-Many Alignment in Clinical Socratic Education](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.05671/) (2025)
- [Med-Banana: Learning Quality-Controlled Medical Image Editing from Success-and-Failure Trajectories](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.00801/) (2025)
- [MedGEN-Bench: A Contextually Entangled Benchmark for Open-ended Multimodal Medical Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.13135/) (2025)
- [MieDB-100k: A Comprehensive Dataset for Medical Image Editing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.09587/) (2026)
- [NAMD: Virtual Follow-up Computed Tomography Synthesis via Nodule-Aligned Multimodal Diffusion Models for Early Lung Cancer Diagnosis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.15932/) (2026)
- [RankT2I: A Submodular Framework for Discovering Interpretable and Diverse Semantics in Text-to-Image Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.14226/) (2026)
- [Spatially Gated Diffusion for Localized Counterfactual Chest Radiograph Editing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.00805/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Text-guided image editing has seen significant progress in natural image domains, but its application in medical imaging remains limited and lacks standardized evaluation frameworks. Such editing could revolutionize clinical practices by enabling personalized surgical planning, enhancing medical education, and improving patient communication. To bridge this gap, we introduce MedEBench1, a robust benchmark designed to diagnose reliability in text-guided medical image editing. MedEBench consists of 1,182 clinically curated image-prompt pairs covering 70 distinct editing tasks and 13 anatomical regions. It contributes in three key areas: (1) a clinically grounded evaluation framework that measures Editing Accuracy, Context Preservation, and Visual Quality, complemented by detailed descriptions of intended edits and corresponding Region-of-Interest (ROI) masks; (2) a comprehensive comparison of seven state-of-theart models, revealing consistent patterns of failure; and (3) a diagnostic error analysis technique that leverages attention alignment, using Intersection-over-Union (IoU) between model attention maps and ROI masks to identify mislocalization issues, where models erroneously focus on incorrect anatomical regions. MedEBench sets the stage for developing more reliable and clinically effective text-guided medical image editing tools.