# ConnectomeDiffuser: Generative AI Enables Brain Network Construction from Diffusion Tensor Imaging

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.22683 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.22683/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 31 of its 76 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 23 May 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 31)

- [Attention Is All You Need](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.03762/) (2017)
- [Denoising Diffusion Probabilistic Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.11239/) (2020)
- [U-Net: Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image Segmentation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1505.04597/) (2015)
- [High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.10752/) (2021)
- [Semi-Supervised Classification with Graph Convolutional Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1609.02907/) (2016)
- [Score-Based Generative Modeling through Stochastic Differential Equations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2011.13456/) (2020)
- [Diffusion Models Beat GANs on Image Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.05233/) (2021)
- [Deep Unsupervised Learning using Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1503.03585/) (2015)
- [Auto-Encoding Variational Bayes](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1312.6114/) (2013)
- [Perceiver: General Perception with Iterative Attention](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.03206/) (2021)
- [Score-based diffusion models for accelerated MRI](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.05243/) (2021)
- [Score-based Generative Modeling of Graphs via the System of Stochastic Differential Equations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.02514/) (2022)
- [Diffusion Models for Medical Anomaly Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.04306/) (2022)
- [Disease Prediction using Graph Convolutional Networks: Application to Autism Spectrum Disorder and Alzheimer's Disease](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1806.01738/) (2018)
- [Distance Metric Learning using Graph Convolutional Networks: Application to Functional Brain Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1703.02161/) (2017)
- [InverseSR: 3D Brain MRI Super-Resolution Using a Latent Diffusion Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.12465/) (2023)
- [Fine Perceptive GANs for Brain MR Image Super-Resolution in Wavelet Domain](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2011.04145/) (2020)
- [Brain Diffuser: An End-to-End Brain Image to Brain Network Pipeline](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.06410/) (2023)
- [Compressible Latent-Space Invertible Networks for Generative Model-Constrained Image Reconstruction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.02462/) (2020)
- [Contrastive Diffusion Model with Auxiliary Guidance for Coarse-to-Fine PET Reconstruction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.10157/) (2023)
- [Generative AI Enables EEG Super-Resolution via Spatio-Temporal Adaptive Diffusion Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.03089/) (2024)
- [Underwater Image Restoration Through a Prior Guided Hybrid Sense Approach and Extensive Benchmark Analysis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.02701/) (2025)
- [DecGAN: Decoupling Generative Adversarial Network detecting abnormal neural circuits for Alzheimer's disease](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.05712/) (2021)
- [3D Brain Reconstruction by Hierarchical Shape-Perception Network from a Single Incomplete Image](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.11010/) (2021)
- [UWFormer: Underwater Image Enhancement via a Semi-Supervised Multi-Scale Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.20210/) (2023)
- [A New Brain Network Construction Paradigm for Brain Disorder via Diffusion-based Graph Contrastive Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.18329/) (2024)
- [Adversarial Learning Based Structural Brain-network Generative Model for Analyzing Mild Cognitive Impairment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2208.08896/) (2022)
- [Multi-modal Mood Reader: Pre-trained Model Empowers Cross-Subject Emotion Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.19373/) (2024)
- [Cross-Modal Transformer GAN: A Brain Structure-Function Deep Fusing Framework for Alzheimer's Disease](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.13393/) (2022)
- [BDHT: Generative AI Enables Causality Analysis for Mild Cognitive Impairment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.09022/) (2023)

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Data-driven techniques for translational neuroscience and personalized neuro-health](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.13749/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Brain network analysis plays a crucial role in diagnosing and monitoring neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). Existing approaches for constructing structural brain networks from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) often rely on specialized toolkits that suffer from inherent limitations: operator subjectivity, labor-intensive workflows, and restricted capacity to capture complex topological features and disease-specific biomarkers. To overcome these challenges and advance computational neuroimaging instrumentation, ConnectomeDiffuser is proposed as a novel diffusion-based framework for automated end-to-end brain network construction from DTI. The proposed model combines three key components: (1) a Template Network that extracts topological features from 3D DTI scans using Riemannian geometric principles, (2) a diffusion model that generates comprehensive brain networks with enhanced topological fidelity, and (3) a Graph Convolutional Network classifier that incorporates disease-specific markers to improve diagnostic accuracy. ConnectomeDiffuser demonstrates superior performance by capturing a broader range of structural connectivity and pathology-related information, enabling more sensitive analysis of individual variations in brain networks. Experimental validation on datasets representing two distinct neurodegenerative conditions demonstrates significant performance improvements over other brain network methods. This work contributes to the advancement of instrumentation in the context of neurological disorders, providing clinicians and researchers with a robust, generalizable measurement framework that facilitates more accurate diagnosis, deeper mechanistic understanding, and improved therapeutic monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD.