# Strengthening Proportionality in Temporal Voting

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.22513 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.22513/

## Key facts

- Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 27 of its 49 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 28 May 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 27 of 27)

- [Generative Social Choice](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.01291/) (2023)
- [Justified Representation in Approval-Based Committee Voting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1407.8269/) (2014)
- [Multi-Winner Voting with Approval Preferences](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.01795/) (2020)
- [Proportional Participatory Budgeting with Additive Utilities](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2008.13276/) (2020)
- [Proportional Justified Representation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1611.09928/) (2016)
- [Diverse Auto-Curriculum is Critical for Successful Real-World Multiagent Learning Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.07659/) (2021)
- [Robust and Verifiable Proportionality Axioms for Multiwinner Voting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.01989/) (2023)
- [Fair Allocation of Indivisible Public Goods](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1805.03164/) (2018)
- [Fair Public Decision Making](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1611.04034/) (2016)
- [Proportionality and the Limits of Welfarism](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1911.11747/) (2019)
- [Proportional Aggregation of Preferences for Sequential Decision Making](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.14858/) (2023)
- [Temporal Fairness in Multiwinner Voting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.04417/) (2023)
- [Temporal Elections: Welfare, Strategyproofness, and Proportionality](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.13637/) (2024)
- [Temporal Fair Division of Indivisible Items](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.14593/) (2024)
- [Multiwinner Temporal Voting with Aversion to Change](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.11017/) (2024)
- [Better Collective Decisions via Uncertainty Reduction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.04983/) (2022)
- [Verifying Proportionality in Temporal Voting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.05949/) (2025)
- [Approval-Based Apportionment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1911.08365/) (2019)
- [When Votes Change and Committees Should (Not)](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.02300/) (2020)
- [Approval-Based Committee Voting in Practice: A Case Study of (Over-)Representation in the Polkadot Blockchain](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.11408/) (2023)
- [A verifiably secure and proportional committee election rule](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.12990/) (2020)
- [Strategyproofness and Proportionality in Party-Approval Multiwinner Elections](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.13567/) (2022)
- [A Generalised Theory of Proportionality in Collective Decision Making](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.06077/) (2023)
- [Overview of Polkadot and its Design Considerations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.13456/) (2020)
- [Using Multiwinner Voting to Search for Movies](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.03385/) (2022)
- [Representative Ranking for Deliberation in the Public Sphere](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.18962/) (2025)
- [Scheduling Virtual Conferences Fairly: Achieving Equitable Participant and Speaker Satisfaction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.12062/) (2022)

## Built on by (most cited first, 9 of 9)

- [Online Fair Division with Additional Information](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.24503/) (2025)
- [Not in My Backyard! Temporal Voting Over Public Chores](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.08810/) (2025)
- [Approximate Proportionality in Online Fair Division](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.03253/) (2025)
- [The Price of Proportional Representation in Temporal Voting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.11157/) (2026)
- [Fairness in Repeated Matching: A Maximin Perspective](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.04624/) (2025)
- [The End Justifies the Mean: A Linear Ranking Rule for Proportional Sequential Decisions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.12717/) (2026)
- [Strengthening Full Justified Representation: Efficient Verification and Computation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.11500/) (2026)
- [Online Fair Division with Budget Constraints](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.23310/) (2026)
- [Proportional Representation in Temporal Voting with Ranked Preferences](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.30555/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

We study proportional representation in the framework of temporal voting with approval ballots. Prior work adapted basic proportional representation concepts -- justified representation (JR), proportional JR (PJR), and extended JR (EJR) -- from the multiwinner setting to the temporal setting. Our work introduces and examines ways of going beyond EJR. Specifically, we consider stronger variants of JR, PJR, and EJR, and introduce temporal adaptations of more demanding multiwinner axioms, such as EJR+, full JR (FJR), full proportional JR (FPJR), and the Core. For each of these concepts, we investigate its existence and study its relationship to existing notions, thereby establishing a rich hierarchy of proportionality concepts. Notably, we show that two of our proposed axioms -- EJR+ and FJR -- strengthen EJR while remaining satisfiable in every temporal election.