# RAISE: Realness Assessment for Image Synthesis and Evaluation

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.19233 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.19233/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 18 of its 39 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 25 May 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 18 of 18)

- [Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1512.03385/) (2015)
- [Learning Transferable Visual Models From Natural Language Supervision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.00020/) (2021)
- [High-Resolution Image Synthesis with Latent Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.10752/) (2021)
- [Batch Normalization: Accelerating Deep Network Training by Reducing Internal Covariate Shift](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1502.03167/) (2015)
- [Hierarchical Text-Conditional Image Generation with CLIP Latents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.06125/) (2022)
- [Improved Techniques for Training GANs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1606.03498/) (2016)
- [Leveraging Frequency Analysis for Deep Fake Image Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.08685/) (2020)
- [NIMA: Neural Image Assessment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1709.05424/) (2017)
- [KonIQ-10k: An ecologically valid database for deep learning of blind image quality assessment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1910.06180/) (2019)
- [AGIQA-3K: An Open Database for AI-Generated Image Quality Assessment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.04717/) (2023)
- [Seeing is not always believing: Benchmarking Human and Model Perception of AI-Generated Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.13023/) (2023)
- [AIGCIQA2023: A Large-scale Image Quality Assessment Database for AI Generated Images: from the Perspectives of Quality, Authenticity and Correspondence](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.00211/) (2023)
- [A Perceptual Quality Assessment Exploration for AIGC Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.12618/) (2023)
- [Subjective-Aligned Dataset and Metric for Text-to-Video Quality Assessment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.11956/) (2024)
- [AIGIQA-20K: A Large Database for AI-Generated Image Quality Assessment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.03407/) (2024)
- [Exploring the Naturalness of AI-Generated Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.05476/) (2023)
- [NTIRE 2024 Quality Assessment of AI-Generated Content Challenge](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.16687/) (2024)
- [Global-Local Image Perceptual Score (GLIPS): Evaluating Photorealistic Quality of AI-Generated Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.09426/) (2024)

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Image Realness Assessment and Localization with Multimodal Features](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.13289/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The rapid advancement of generative AI has enabled the creation of highly photorealistic visual content, offering practical substitutes for real images and videos in scenarios where acquiring real data is difficult or expensive. However, reliably substituting real visual content with AI-generated counterparts requires robust assessment of the perceived realness of AI-generated visual content, a challenging task due to its inherent subjective nature. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive human study evaluating the perceptual realness of both real and AI-generated images, resulting in a new dataset, containing images paired with subjective realness scores, introduced as RAISE in this paper. Further, we develop and train multiple models on RAISE to establish baselines for realness prediction. Our experimental results demonstrate that features derived from deep foundation vision models can effectively capture the subjective realness. RAISE thus provides a valuable resource for developing robust, objective models of perceptual realness assessment.