# MDVT: Enhancing Multimodal Recommendation with Model-Agnostic Multimodal-Driven Virtual Triplets

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.16665 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.16665/

## Key facts

- Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 22 May 2025.

## Built on by (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [Leveraging Optimal Transport for Distributed Two-Sample Testing: An Integrated Transportation Distance-based Framework](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.16047/) (2025)
- [Multimodal Music Recommendation System using LLMs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.00125/) (2026)
- [F2STNet: Fair and Federated Spectral-Temporal Modeling for Graph Forecasting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.09082/) (2026)
- [Agents as Knowledge Integrator and Utilizer in Multimodal Recommendation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.29410/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The data sparsity problem significantly hinders the performance of recommender systems, as traditional models rely on limited historical interactions to learn user preferences and item properties. While incorporating multimodal information can explicitly represent these preferences and properties, existing works often use it only as side information, failing to fully leverage its potential. In this paper, we propose MDVT, a model-agnostic approach that constructs multimodal-driven virtual triplets to provide valuable supervision signals, effectively mitigating the data sparsity problem in multimodal recommendation systems. To ensure high-quality virtual triplets, we introduce three tailored warm-up threshold strategies: static, dynamic, and hybrid. The static warm-up threshold strategy exhaustively searches for the optimal number of warm-up epochs but is time-consuming and computationally intensive. The dynamic warm-up threshold strategy adjusts the warm-up period based on loss trends, improving efficiency but potentially missing optimal performance. The hybrid strategy combines both, using the dynamic strategy to find the approximate optimal number of warm-up epochs and then refining it with the static strategy in a narrow hyper-parameter space. Once the warm-up threshold is satisfied, the virtual triplets are used for joint model optimization by our enhanced pair-wise loss function without causing significant gradient skew. Extensive experiments on multiple real-world datasets demonstrate that integrating MDVT into advanced multimodal recommendation models effectively alleviates the data sparsity problem and improves recommendation performance, particularly in sparse data scenarios.