# Cross-layer Integrated Sensing and Communication: A Joint Industrial and Academic Perspective

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.10933 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.10933/

## Key facts

- Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 16 May 2025.

## Built on by (most cited first, 3 of 3)

- [Integrated Sensing and Communications for Real-time Avatar Control in XR over 5G](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.23771/) (2026)
- [A Comprehensive Survey of Wireless Foundation Models for AI-Native 6G Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.14694/) (2026)
- [Sense Once, Serve Many: Common-Trace Factorized Constrained PPO for Online Sensing-Session Consolidation in Multi-Tenant ISAC Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.29256/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) enables radio systems to simultaneously sense and communicate with their environment. This paper, developed within the Hexa-X-II project funded by the European Union, presents a comprehensive cross-layer vision for ISAC in 6G networks, integrating insights from physical-layer design, hardware architectures, AI-driven intelligence, and protocol-level innovations. We begin by revisiting the foundational principles of ISAC, highlighting synergies and trade-offs between sensing and communication across different integration levels. Enabling technologies (such as multiband operation, massive and distributed MIMO, non-terrestrial networks, reconfigurable intelligent surfaces, and machine learning) are analyzed in conjunction with hardware considerations including waveform design, synchronization, and full-duplex operation. To bridge implementation and system-level evaluation, we introduce a quantitative cross-layer framework linking design parameters to key performance and value indicators. By synthesizing perspectives from both academia and industry, this paper outlines how deeply integrated ISAC can transform 6G into a programmable and context-aware platform supporting applications from reliable wireless access to autonomous mobility and digital twinning.