# Simulating many-engine spacecraft: Exceeding 1 quadrillion degrees of freedom via information geometric regularization

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.07392 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.07392/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 12 May 2025.

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [A fully GPU-based workflow for building physics emulators of hypersonic flows](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.13742/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

We present an optimized implementation of the recently proposed information geometric regularization (IGR) for unprecedented scale simulation of compressible fluid flows applied to multi-engine spacecraft boosters. We improve upon state-of-the-art computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques along computational cost, memory footprint, and energy-to-solution metrics. Unified memory on coupled CPU--GPU or APU platforms increases problem size with negligible overhead. Mixed half/single-precision storage and computation on well-conditioned numerics is used. We simulate flow at 200 trillion grid points and 1 quadrillion degrees of freedom, exceeding the current record by a factor of 20. A factor of 4 wall-time speedup is achieved over optimized baselines. Ideal weak scaling is seen on OLCF Frontier, LLNL El Capitan, and CSCS Alps using the full systems. Strong scaling is near ideal at extreme conditions, including 80% efficiency on CSCS Alps with an 8-node baseline and stretching to the full system.