# V-EfficientNets: Vector-Valued Efficiently Scaled Convolutional Neural Network Models

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.05659 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.05659/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 15 of its 42 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 8 May 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 15 of 15)

- [Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1512.03385/) (2015)
- [EfficientNet: Rethinking Model Scaling for Convolutional Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.11946/) (2019)
- [MobileNetV2: Inverted Residuals and Linear Bottlenecks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1801.04381/) (2018)
- [EfficientNetV2: Smaller Models and Faster Training](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.00298/) (2021)
- [A Survey of Convolutional Neural Networks: Analysis, Applications, and Prospects](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2004.02806/) (2020)
- [A review of deep learning in medical imaging: Imaging traits, technology trends, case studies with progress highlights, and future promises](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2008.09104/) (2020)
- [Beyond Fully-Connected Layers with Quaternions: Parameterization of Hypercomplex Multiplications with 1/n Parameters](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.08597/) (2021)
- [PHNNs: Lightweight Neural Networks via Parameterized Hypercomplex Convolutions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.04176/) (2021)
- [Universal Approximation Theorem for Vector- and Hypercomplex-Valued Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.02277/) (2024)
- [Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Detection Using Hypercomplex-Valued Convolutional Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.13273/) (2022)
- [Extending the Universal Approximation Theorem for a Broad Class of Hypercomplex-Valued Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2209.02456/) (2022)
- [Understanding Vector-Valued Neural Networks and Their Relationship with Real and Hypercomplex-Valued Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.07716/) (2023)
- [Dual Quaternion Rotational and Translational Equivariance in 3D Rigid Motion Modelling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.07623/) (2023)
- [Backpropagation with N-D Vector-Valued Neurons Using Arbitrary Bilinear Products](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1805.09621/) (2018)
- [Novel computational workflows for natural and biomedical image processing based on hypercomplex algebras](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.07758/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

EfficientNet models are convolutional neural networks optimized for parameter allocation by jointly balancing network width, depth, and resolution. Renowned for their exceptional accuracy, these models have become a standard for image classification tasks across diverse computer vision benchmarks. While traditional neural networks learn correlations between feature channels during training, vector-valued neural networks inherently treat multidimensional data as coherent entities, taking for granted the inter-channel relationships. This paper introduces vector-valued EfficientNets (V-EfficientNets), a novel extension of EfficientNet designed to process arbitrary vector-valued data. The proposed models are evaluated on a medical image classification task, achieving an average accuracy of 99.46% on the ALL-IDB2 dataset for detecting acute lymphoblastic leukemia. V-EfficientNets demonstrate remarkable efficiency, significantly reducing parameters while outperforming state-of-the-art models, including the original EfficientNet. The source code is available at https://github.com/mevalle/v-nets.