# All-optical temporal integration mediated by subwavelength heat antennas

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.04405 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.04405/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 8 of its 45 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 7 May 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 8 of 8)

- [Photonics for artificial intelligence and neuromorphic computing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2011.00111/) (2020)
- [Neuromorphic Silicon Photonic Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1611.02272/) (2016)
- [Experimentally realized in situ backpropagation for deep learning in nanophotonic neural networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.08501/) (2022)
- [Scalable MatMul-free Language Modeling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.02528/) (2024)
- [Digital Electronics and Analog Photonics for Convolutional Neural Networks (DEAP-CNNs)](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.01525/) (2019)
- [Photonic tensor cores for machine learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2002.03780/) (2020)
- [Ultrafast single-channel machine vision based on neuro-inspired photonic computing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.07875/) (2023)
- [A 262 TOPS Hyperdimensional Photonic AI Accelerator powered by a Si3N4 microcomb laser](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.03263/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Optical computing systems deliver unrivalled processing speeds for scalar operations. Yet, integrated implementations have been constrained to low-dimensional tensor operations that fall short of the vector dimensions required for modern artificial intelligence. We demonstrate an all-optical neuromorphic computing system based on time division multiplexing, capable of processing input vectors exceeding 250,000 elements within a unified framework. The platform harnesses optically driven thermo-optic modulation in standing wave optical fields, with titanium nano-antennas functioning as wavelength-selective absorbers. Counterintuitively, the thermal time dynamics of the system enable simultaneous time integration of ultra-fast (50GHz) signals and the application of programmable, non-linear activation functions, entirely within the optical domain. This unified framework constitutes a leap towards large-scale photonic computing that satisfies the dimensional requirements of AI workloads.