# Proper Noun Diacritization for Arabic Wikipedia: A Benchmark Dataset

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.02656 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.02656/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 6 of its 33 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 5 May 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 6 of 6)

- [GPT-4 Technical Report](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.08774/) (2023)
- [A Multitask Learning Approach for Diacritic Restoration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2006.04016/) (2020)
- [Camelira: An Arabic Multi-Dialect Morphological Disambiguator](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.16807/) (2022)
- [Efficient Convolutional Neural Networks for Diacritic Restoration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1912.06900/) (2019)
- [Arabic Diacritics in the Wild: Exploiting Opportunities for Improved Diacritization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.05760/) (2024)
- [Automatic Romanization of Arabic Bibliographic Records](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.07199/) (2021)

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [A Tale of Two Scripts: Transliteration and Post-Correction for Judeo-Arabic](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.04746/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Proper nouns in Arabic Wikipedia are frequently undiacritized, creating ambiguity in pronunciation and interpretation, especially for transliterated named entities of foreign origin. While transliteration and diacritization have been well-studied separately in Arabic NLP, their intersection remains underexplored. In this paper, we introduce a new manually diacritized dataset of Arabic proper nouns of various origins with their English Wikipedia equivalent glosses, and present the challenges and guidelines we followed to create it. We benchmark GPT-4o on the task of recovering full diacritization given the undiacritized Arabic and English forms, and analyze its performance. Achieving 73% accuracy, our results underscore both the difficulty of the task and the need for improved models and resources. We release our dataset to facilitate further research on Arabic Wikipedia proper noun diacritization.