# Large Language Model-Driven Dynamic Assessment of Grammatical Accuracy in English Language Learner Writing

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2505.00931 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.00931/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 1 of its 47 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 2 May 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Optimizing αμ](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2101.12639/) (2021)

## Abstract (arXiv)

This study investigates the potential for Large Language Models (LLMs) to scale-up Dynamic Assessment (DA). To facilitate such an investigation, we first developed DynaWrite-a modular, microservices-based grammatical tutoring application which supports multiple LLMs to generate dynamic feedback to learners of English. Initial testing of 21 LLMs, revealed GPT-4o and neural chat to have the most potential to scale-up DA in the language learning classroom. Further testing of these two candidates found both models performed similarly in their ability to accurately identify grammatical errors in user sentences. However, GPT-4o consistently outperformed neural chat in the quality of its DA by generating clear, consistent, and progressively explicit hints. Real-time responsiveness and system stability were also confirmed through detailed performance testing, with GPT-4o exhibiting sufficient speed and stability. This study shows that LLMs can be used to scale-up dynamic assessment and thus enable dynamic assessment to be delivered to larger groups than possible in traditional teacher-learner settings.