# Smart Water Security with AI and Blockchain-Enhanced Digital Twins

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.20275 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.20275/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 2 of its 18 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 28 Apr 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [A Review of Digital Twins and their Application in Cybersecurity based on Artificial Intelligence](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.01154/) (2023)
- [Digital Transformation in the Water Distribution System based on the Digital Twins Concept](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.06694/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Water distribution systems in rural areas face serious challenges such as a lack of real-time monitoring, vulnerability to cyberattacks, and unreliable data handling. This paper presents an integrated framework that combines LoRaWAN-based data acquisition, a machine learning-driven Intrusion Detection System (IDS), and a blockchain-enabled Digital Twin (BC-DT) platform for secure and transparent water management. The IDS filters anomalous or spoofed data using a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) Autoencoder and Isolation Forest before validated data is logged via smart contracts on a private Ethereum blockchain using Proof of Authority (PoA) consensus. The verified data feeds into a real-time DT model supporting leak detection, consumption forecasting, and predictive maintenance. Experimental results demonstrate that the system achieves over 80 transactions per second (TPS) with under 2 seconds of latency while remaining cost-effective and scalable for up to 1,000 smart meters. This work demonstrates a practical and secure architecture for decentralized water infrastructure in under-connected rural environments.