# STCOcc: Sparse Spatial-Temporal Cascade Renovation for 3D Occupancy and Scene Flow Prediction

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.19749 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.19749/

## Key facts

- Cited by 23 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 43 of its 54 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 28 Apr 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 43)

- [Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1512.03385/) (2015)
- [nuScenes: A multimodal dataset for autonomous driving](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1903.11027/) (2019)
- [Deformable DETR: Deformable Transformers for End-to-End Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.04159/) (2020)
- [Occupancy Networks: Learning 3D Reconstruction in Function Space](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1812.03828/) (2018)
- [SlowFast Networks for Video Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1812.03982/) (2018)
- [BEVFormer: Learning Bird's-Eye-View Representation from Multi-Camera Images via Spatiotemporal Transformers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.17270/) (2022)
- [Lift, Splat, Shoot: Encoding Images From Arbitrary Camera Rigs by Implicitly Unprojecting to 3D](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2008.05711/) (2020)
- [Convolutional Occupancy Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.04618/) (2020)
- [BEVDet: High-performance Multi-camera 3D Object Detection in Bird-Eye-View](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.11790/) (2021)
- [DETR3D: 3D Object Detection from Multi-view Images via 3D-to-2D Queries](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.06922/) (2021)
- [BEVDepth: Acquisition of Reliable Depth for Multi-view 3D Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.10092/) (2022)
- [PETR: Position Embedding Transformation for Multi-View 3D Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.05625/) (2022)
- [Tri-Perspective View for Vision-Based 3D Semantic Occupancy Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.07817/) (2023)
- [MonoScene: Monocular 3D Semantic Scene Completion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.00726/) (2021)
- [PETRv2: A Unified Framework for 3D Perception from Multi-Camera Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.01256/) (2022)
- [Occ3D: A Large-Scale 3D Occupancy Prediction Benchmark for Autonomous Driving](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.14365/) (2023)
- [SurroundOcc: Multi-Camera 3D Occupancy Prediction for Autonomous Driving](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.09551/) (2023)
- [VoxFormer: Sparse Voxel Transformer for Camera-based 3D Semantic Scene Completion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.12251/) (2023)
- [BEVFormer v2: Adapting Modern Image Backbones to Bird's-Eye-View Recognition via Perspective Supervision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.10439/) (2022)
- [OccFormer: Dual-path Transformer for Vision-based 3D Semantic Occupancy Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.05316/) (2023)
- [Scene as Occupancy](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.02851/) (2023)
- [BEVerse: Unified Perception and Prediction in Birds-Eye-View for Vision-Centric Autonomous Driving](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.09743/) (2022)
- [Time Will Tell: New Outlooks and A Baseline for Temporal Multi-View 3D Object Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.02443/) (2022)
- [FB-OCC: 3D Occupancy Prediction based on Forward-Backward View Transformation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.01492/) (2023)
- [Sparse4D: Multi-view 3D Object Detection with Sparse Spatial-Temporal Fusion](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.10581/) (2022)
- [SparseBEV: High-Performance Sparse 3D Object Detection from Multi-Camera Videos](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.09244/) (2023)
- [RenderOcc: Vision-Centric 3D Occupancy Prediction with 2D Rendering Supervision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.09502/) (2023)
- [Visual Point Cloud Forecasting enables Scalable Autonomous Driving](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.17655/) (2023)
- [FB-BEV: BEV Representation from Forward-Backward View Transformations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.02236/) (2023)
- [COTR: Compact Occupancy TRansformer for Vision-based 3D Occupancy Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.01919/) (2023)

## Built on by (most cited first, 23 of 23)

- [I2-World: Intra-Inter Tokenization for Efficient Dynamic 4D Scene Forecasting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.09144/) (2025)
- [ForecastOcc: Vision-based Semantic Occupancy Forecasting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.08006/) (2026)
- [ShelfOcc: Native 3D Supervision beyond LiDAR for Vision-Based Occupancy Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.15396/) (2025)
- [SparseWorld-TC: Trajectory-Conditioned Sparse Occupancy World Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.22039/) (2025)
- [See through the Dark: Learning Illumination-affined Representations for Nighttime Occupancy Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.20641/) (2025)
- [Easy3D-Labels: Supervising Semantic Occupancy Estimation with 3D Pseudo-Labels for Automotive Perception](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.26087/) (2025)
- [The Semantic Lifecycle in Embodied AI: Acquisition, Representation and Storage via Foundation Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.08876/) (2026)
- [InfraOcc: An Infrastructure Occupancy Benchmark with Static-to-Dynamic Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.30657/) (2026)
- [SuperOcc: Toward Cohesive Temporal Modeling for Superquadric-based 3D Occupancy Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.15644/) (2026)
- [M2-Occ: Resilient 3D Semantic Occupancy Prediction for Autonomous Driving with Incomplete Camera Inputs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.09737/) (2026)
- [Gau-Occ: Geometry-Completed Gaussians for Multi-Modal 3D Occupancy Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.22852/) (2026)
- [FMOcc: TPV-Driven Flow Matching for 3D Occupancy Prediction with Selective State Space Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.02250/) (2025)
- [SuperQuadricOcc: Real-Time Self-Supervised Semantic Occupancy Estimation with Superquadric Volume Rendering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.17361/) (2025)
- [OccStress: Stress-Testing the 4D Occupancy Forecasting Chain](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.15621/) (2025)
- [FreeOcc: Training-free Panoptic Occupancy Prediction via Foundation Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.06166/) (2026)
- [Height-Guided Projection Reparameterization for Camera-LiDAR Occupancy](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.05072/) (2026)
- [GEM: Gaussian Evolution Model for Occupancy Forecasting and Motion Planning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.17682/) (2026)
- [Geometry-Aware Spatio-Temporal Context Modeling for 4D Occupancy Forecasting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.15279/) (2026)
- [OPUS-V2: Bridging the Gap between Sparse Points and Dense Voxels](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.29187/) (2026)
- [RoadOcc Learns When to Persist, Transport, or Refresh Memory for Roadside Occupancy Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.27677/) (2026)
- [SelectOccFlow: Selective Spatiotemporal Aggregation for 3D Occupancy and Scene Flow Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.04356/) (2026)
- [InfraWorld: Motion-Aware World Modeling for Roadside 4D Occupancy Forecasting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.14544/) (2026)
- [SpikeOcc: Towards Resilient Multimodal 3D Occupancy Perception via Spiking Experts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.15745/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

3D occupancy and scene flow offer a detailed and dynamic representation of 3D scene. Recognizing the sparsity and complexity of 3D space, previous vision-centric methods have employed implicit learning-based approaches to model spatial and temporal information. However, these approaches struggle to capture local details and diminish the model's spatial discriminative ability. To address these challenges, we propose a novel explicit state-based modeling method designed to leverage the occupied state to renovate the 3D features. Specifically, we propose a sparse occlusion-aware attention mechanism, integrated with a cascade refinement strategy, which accurately renovates 3D features with the guidance of occupied state information. Additionally, we introduce a novel method for modeling long-term dynamic interactions, which reduces computational costs and preserves spatial information. Compared to the previous state-of-the-art methods, our efficient explicit renovation strategy not only delivers superior performance in terms of RayIoU and mAVE for occupancy and scene flow prediction but also markedly reduces GPU memory usage during training, bringing it down to 8.7GB. Our code is available on https://github.com/lzzzzzm/STCOcc