# AI Ethics and Social Norms: Exploring ChatGPT's Capabilities From What to How

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.18044 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.18044/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 24 of its 110 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 25 Apr 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 24 of 24)

- [Large Language Models are not Fair Evaluators](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.17926/) (2023)
- [Ethical and social risks of harm from Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.04359/) (2021)
- [Towards Understanding and Mitigating Social Biases in Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.13219/) (2021)
- [On the Robustness of ChatGPT: An Adversarial and Out-of-distribution Perspective](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.12095/) (2023)
- [Is ChatGPT better than Human Annotators? Potential and Limitations of ChatGPT in Explaining Implicit Hate Speech](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2302.07736/) (2023)
- [The Ethics of AI Ethics -- An Evaluation of Guidelines](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1903.03425/) (2019)
- [Is ChatGPT Fair for Recommendation? Evaluating Fairness in Large Language Model Recommendation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.07609/) (2023)
- [A Survey of Safety and Trustworthiness of Large Language Models through the Lens of Verification and Validation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.11391/) (2023)
- [BadGPT: Exploring Security Vulnerabilities of ChatGPT via Backdoor Attacks to InstructGPT](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.12298/) (2023)
- [Understanding artificial intelligence ethics and safety](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1906.05684/) (2019)
- [Beyond the Safeguards: Exploring the Security Risks of ChatGPT](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.08005/) (2023)
- [Explainable AI: current status and future directions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.07045/) (2021)
- [ConvXAI: Delivering Heterogeneous AI Explanations via Conversations to Support Human-AI Scientific Writing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.09770/) (2023)
- [Human Perceptions on Moral Responsibility of AI: A Case Study in AI-Assisted Bail Decision-Making](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.00625/) (2021)
- [Long-Term Trends in the Public Perception of Artificial Intelligence](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1609.04904/) (2016)
- [Building Ethically Bounded AI](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1812.03980/) (2018)
- [One vs. Many: Comprehending Accurate Information from Multiple Erroneous and Inconsistent AI Generations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.05581/) (2024)
- [AI virtues -- The missing link in putting AI ethics into practice](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2011.12750/) (2020)
- [Toward the Engineering of Virtuous Machines](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1812.03868/) (2018)
- [Ethical Aspects of ChatGPT in Software Engineering Research](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.07557/) (2023)
- [Acceleration AI Ethics, the Debate between Innovation and Safety, and Stability AI's Diffusion versus OpenAI's Dall-E](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.01834/) (2022)
- [Learning from Learning Machines: Optimisation, Rules, and Social Norms](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2001.00006/) (2019)
- [AI Governance and Ethics Framework for Sustainable AI and Sustainability](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.08984/) (2022)
- [CO-oPS: A Mobile App for Community Oversight of Privacy and Security](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.10258/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Using LLMs in healthcare, Computer-Supported Cooperative Work, and Social Computing requires the examination of ethical and social norms to ensure safe incorporation into human life. We conducted a mixed-method study, including an online survey with 111 participants and an interview study with 38 experts, to investigate the AI ethics and social norms in ChatGPT as everyday life tools. This study aims to evaluate whether ChatGPT in an empirical context operates following ethics and social norms, which is critical for understanding actions in industrial and academic research and achieving machine ethics. The findings of this study provide initial insights into six important aspects of AI ethics, including bias, trustworthiness, security, toxicology, social norms, and ethical data. Significant obstacles related to transparency and bias in unsupervised data collection methods are identified as ChatGPT's ethical concerns.