# Two-Timescale Joint Transmit and Pinching Beamforming for Pinching-Antenna Systems

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.16099 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.16099/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 8 of its 14 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 13 Apr 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 8 of 8)

- [Intelligent Reflecting Surfaces: Physics, Propagation, and Pathloss Modeling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1911.03359/) (2019)
- [Flexible-Antenna Systems: A Pinching-Antenna Perspective](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.02376/) (2024)
- [Modeling and Performance Analysis for Movable Antenna Enabled Wireless Communications](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.05325/) (2022)
- [Antenna Activation for NOMA Assisted Pinching-Antenna Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.13969/) (2024)
- [Two-Stage Stochastic Optimization via Primal-Dual Decomposition and Deep Unrolling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.01853/) (2021)
- [A Tutorial on Fluid Antenna System for 6G Networks: Encompassing Communication Theory, Optimization Methods and Hardware Designs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.03449/) (2024)
- [Performance Analysis of Pinching-Antenna Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.06701/) (2025)
- [Minimum Data Rate Maximization for Uplink Pinching-Antenna Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.13892/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Pinching antenna systems (PASS) have been proposed as a revolutionary flexible antenna technology which facilitates line-of-sight links via numerous low-cost pinching antennas with adjustable activation positions over waveguides. This letter proposes a two-timescale joint transmit and pinching beamforming design for the maximization of sum rate of a PASS-based downlink multi-user multiple input single output system. A primal dual decomposition method is developed to decouple the two-timescale problem into two sub-problems: 1) A Karush-Kuhn-Tucker-guided dual learning-based approach is proposed to solve the short-term transmit beamforming design sub-problem; 2) The long-term pinching beamforming design sub-problem is tackled by adopting a stochastic successive convex approximation method. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed two-timescale algorithm achieves a significant performance gain compared to other baselines.