# The Formation of Production Networks: How Supply Chains Arise from Simple Learning with Minimal Information

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.16010 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.16010/

## Key facts

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- First posted on arXiv 22 Apr 2025.

## Abstract (arXiv)

We develop a model where firms determine the price at which they sell their differentiable goods, the volume that they produce, and the inputs (types and amounts) that they purchase from other firms. A steady-state production network emerges endogenously without resorting to assumptions such as equilibrium or perfect knowledge about production technologies. Through a simple version of reinforcement learning, firms with heterogeneous technologies cope with uncertainty and maximize profits. Due to this learning process, firms can adapt to shocks such as demand shifts, suppliers/clients closure, productivity changes, and production technology modifications; effectively reshaping the production network. To demonstrate the potential of this model, we analyze the upstream and downstream impact of demand and productivity shocks.