# Artificial Intelligence Index Report 2025

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.07139 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.07139/

## Key facts

- Cited by 64 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 8 Apr 2025.

## Built on by (most cited first, 30 of 64)

- [Don't Pass@k: A Bayesian Framework for Large Language Model Evaluation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.04265/) (2025)
- [TetraJet-v2: Accurate NVFP4 Training for Large Language Models with Oscillation Suppression and Outlier Control](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.27527/) (2025)
- [The Collaboration Gap: Exploration and Benchmarking of Open-World Agentic Cooperation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.02687/) (2025)
- [Generative Visual Code Mobile World Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.01576/) (2026)
- [Position: The Real Barrier to LLM Agent Usability is Agentic ROI](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.17767/) (2025)
- [GhostCite: A Large-Scale Analysis of Citation Validity in the Age of Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.06718/) (2026)
- [The Hot Mess of AI: How Does Misalignment Scale With Model Intelligence and Task Complexity?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.23045/) (2026)
- [LLM Fingerprinting via Semantically Conditioned Watermarks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.16723/) (2025)
- [Dive into the Agent Matrix: A Realistic Evaluation of Self-Replication Risk in LLM Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.25302/) (2025)
- [Interpretability Can Be Actionable](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.11161/) (2026)
- [Measuring AI Diffusion: A Population-Normalized Metric for Tracking Global AI Usage](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.02781/) (2025)
- [State over Tokens: Characterizing the Role of Reasoning Tokens](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.12777/) (2025)
- [Social physics in the age of artificial intelligence](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.16900/) (2026)
- [NAIPv2: Debiased Pairwise Learning for Efficient Paper Quality Estimation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.25179/) (2025)
- [Who Evaluates AI's Social Impacts? Mapping Coverage and Gaps in First and Third Party Evaluations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.05613/) (2025)
- [Artificial intelligence is creating a new global linguistic hierarchy](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.12018/) (2026)
- [This Is Taking Too Long -- Investigating Time as a Proxy for Energy Consumption of LLMs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.15699/) (2026)
- [mSFT: Addressing Dataset Mixtures Overfitting Heterogeneously in Multi-task SFT](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.21606/) (2026)
- [CRAFT: Grounded Multi-Agent Coordination Under Partial Information](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.25268/) (2026)
- [Value-Conflict Diagnostics Reveal Widespread Alignment Faking in Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.20995/) (2026)
- [Rethinking Evidence Hierarchies in Medical Language Benchmarks: A Critical Evaluation of HealthBench](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.00081/) (2025)
- [The Mathematician's Assistant: Integrating AI into Research Practice](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.20236/) (2025)
- [Thermally Activated Dual-Modal Adversarial Clothing against AI Surveillance Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.09829/) (2025)
- [AI as Entertainment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.08768/) (2026)
- [Routing, Cascades, and User Choice for LLMs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.09902/) (2026)
- [Blind Refusal: Language Models Refuse to Help Users Evade Unjust, Absurd, and Illegitimate Rules](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.06233/) (2026)
- [The ATOM Report: Measuring the Open Language Model Ecosystem](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.07190/) (2026)
- [SlotGCG: Exploiting the Positional Vulnerability in LLMs for Jailbreak Attacks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.05609/) (2026)
- [Dimensional Characterization and Pathway Modeling for Catastrophic AI Risks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.06411/) (2025)
- [Understanding Adversarial Transfer: Why Representation-Space Attacks Fail Where Data-Space Attacks Succeed](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.01494/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Welcome to the eighth edition of the AI Index report. The 2025 Index is our most comprehensive to date and arrives at an important moment, as AI's influence across society, the economy, and global governance continues to intensify. New in this year's report are in-depth analyses of the evolving landscape of AI hardware, novel estimates of inference costs, and new analyses of AI publication and patenting trends. We also introduce fresh data on corporate adoption of responsible AI practices, along with expanded coverage of AI's growing role in science and medicine. Since its founding in 2017 as an offshoot of the One Hundred Year Study of Artificial Intelligence, the AI Index has been committed to equipping policymakers, journalists, executives, researchers, and the public with accurate, rigorously validated, and globally sourced data. Our mission has always been to help these stakeholders make better-informed decisions about the development and deployment of AI. In a world where AI is discussed everywhere - from boardrooms to kitchen tables - this mission has never been more essential. The AI Index continues to lead in tracking and interpreting the most critical trends shaping the field - from the shifting geopolitical landscape and the rapid evolution of underlying technologies, to AI's expanding role in business, policymaking, and public life. Longitudinal tracking remains at the heart of our mission. In a domain advancing at breakneck speed, the Index provides essential context - helping us understand where AI stands today, how it got here, and where it may be headed next. Recognized globally as one of the most authoritative resources on artificial intelligence, the AI Index has been cited in major media outlets such as The New York Times, Bloomberg, and The Guardian; referenced in hundreds of academic papers; and used by policymakers and government agencies around the world.