# OpenThaiGPT 1.6 and R1: Thai-Centric Open Source and Reasoning Large Language Models

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.01789 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.01789/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Placed in Reasoning benchmarks and evaluation, one of 17 directions in LLM reasoning.
- Builds on 13 of its 15 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 2 Apr 2025.

## Placed in

- LLM reasoning / [Reasoning benchmarks and evaluation](https://mlsanity.com/lr/reasoning-benchmarks-and-evaluation/)

## Builds on (most cited first, 13 of 13)

- [DeepSeek-R1: Incentivizing Reasoning Capability in LLMs via Reinforcement Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.12948/) (2025)
- [Gemma 3 Technical Report](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.19786/) (2025)
- [OpenAI o1 System Card](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.16720/) (2024)
- [Editing Models with Task Arithmetic](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.04089/) (2022)
- [LIMO: Less is More for Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.03387/) (2025)
- [DeepSpeed Inference: Enabling Efficient Inference of Transformer Models at Unprecedented Scale](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2207.00032/) (2022)
- [SWIFT:A Scalable lightWeight Infrastructure for Fine-Tuning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.05517/) (2024)
- [Towards Large Reasoning Models: A Survey of Reinforced Reasoning with Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.09686/) (2025)
- [Large Language Model Agent: A Survey on Methodology, Applications and Challenges](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.21460/) (2025)
- [Competitive Programming with Large Reasoning Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.06807/) (2025)
- [Large Language Models Meet NLP: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.12819/) (2024)
- [Typhoon: Thai Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.13951/) (2023)
- [Typhoon 2: A Family of Open Text and Multimodal Thai Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.13702/) (2024)

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Typhoon-S: Minimal Open Post-Training for Sovereign Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.18129/) (2026)
- [OpenJAI-v1.0: An Open Thai Large Language Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.06847/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

We present OpenThaiGPT 1.6 and R1 (OTG-1.6 and OTG-R1), Thai-centric Large Language Models (LLMs) developed through distinct methodologies to enhance generalization and reasoning capabilities. OTG-1.6 employs Task Arithmetic model merging for broad generalization, while OTG-R1 integrates multi-stage training with the Less-Is-More Reasoning Hypothesis (LIMO) for advanced reasoning. Benchmark evaluations demonstrate superior performance across Thai language tasks, achieving competitive results against larger-scale open-source Thai LLMs. This paper details the proposed models, training processes, benchmarks, and results, highlighting improvements over previous models and establishing new performance standards for Thai-centric LLMs.