# Luminance-GS: Adapting 3D Gaussian Splatting to Challenging Lighting Conditions with View-Adaptive Curve Adjustment

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.01503 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.01503/

## Key facts

- Cited by 27 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 52 of its 67 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 2 Apr 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 52)

- [An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.11929/) (2020)
- [End-to-End Object Detection with Transformers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2005.12872/) (2020)
- [3D Gaussian Splatting for Real-Time Radiance Field Rendering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.04079/) (2023)
- [Mip-NeRF 360: Unbounded Anti-Aliased Neural Radiance Fields](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.12077/) (2021)
- [Mip-NeRF: A Multiscale Representation for Anti-Aliasing Neural Radiance Fields](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.13415/) (2021)
- [NeRF in the Wild: Neural Radiance Fields for Unconstrained Photo Collections](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2008.02268/) (2020)
- [2D Gaussian Splatting for Geometrically Accurate Radiance Fields](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.17888/) (2024)
- [NeRF++: Analyzing and Improving Neural Radiance Fields](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.07492/) (2020)
- [Depth-supervised NeRF: Fewer Views and Faster Training for Free](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2107.02791/) (2021)
- [pixelSplat: 3D Gaussian Splats from Image Pairs for Scalable Generalizable 3D Reconstruction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.12337/) (2023)
- [Zip-NeRF: Anti-Aliased Grid-Based Neural Radiance Fields](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.06706/) (2023)
- [SuGaR: Surface-Aligned Gaussian Splatting for Efficient 3D Mesh Reconstruction and High-Quality Mesh Rendering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.12775/) (2023)
- [MVSplat: Efficient 3D Gaussian Splatting from Sparse Multi-View Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.14627/) (2024)
- [Zero-Reference Deep Curve Estimation for Low-Light Image Enhancement](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2001.06826/) (2020)
- [LightGaussian: Unbounded 3D Gaussian Compression with 15x Reduction and 200+ FPS](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.17245/) (2023)
- [Splatter Image: Ultra-Fast Single-View 3D Reconstruction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.13150/) (2023)
- [NeRF in the Dark: High Dynamic Range View Synthesis from Noisy Raw Images](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.13679/) (2021)
- [gsplat: An Open-Source Library for Gaussian Splatting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.06765/) (2024)
- [Compressed 3D Gaussian Splatting for Accelerated Novel View Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.02436/) (2023)
- [GS-IR: 3D Gaussian Splatting for Inverse Rendering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.16473/) (2023)
- [3D Gaussian Splatting as Markov Chain Monte Carlo](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.09591/) (2024)
- [COLMAP-Free 3D Gaussian Splatting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.07504/) (2023)
- [WildGaussians: 3D Gaussian Splatting in the Wild](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.08447/) (2024)
- [Hallucinated Neural Radiance Fields in the Wild](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2111.15246/) (2021)
- [Gaussian in the Wild: 3D Gaussian Splatting for Unconstrained Image Collections](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.15704/) (2024)
- [NeRF for Outdoor Scene Relighting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.05140/) (2021)
- [Implicit Neural Representation for Cooperative Low-light Image Enhancement](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.11722/) (2023)
- [NerfAcc: Efficient Sampling Accelerates NeRFs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.04966/) (2023)
- [MVSGaussian: Fast Generalizable Gaussian Splatting Reconstruction from Multi-View Stereo](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.12218/) (2024)
- [You Only Need 90K Parameters to Adapt Light: A Light Weight Transformer for Image Enhancement and Exposure Correction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.14871/) (2022)

## Built on by (most cited first, 27 of 27)

- [RealX3D: A Physically-Degraded 3D Benchmark for Multi-view Visual Restoration and Reconstruction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.23437/) (2025)
- [I2-NeRF: Learning Neural Radiance Fields Under Physically-Grounded Media Interactions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.22161/) (2025)
- [LL-Gaussian: Low-Light Scene Reconstruction and Enhancement via Gaussian Splatting for Novel View Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.10331/) (2025)
- [RobustGS: Unified Boosting of Feedforward 3D Gaussian Splatting under Low-Quality Conditions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.03077/) (2025)
- [GenSmoke-GS: A Multi-Stage Method for Novel View Synthesis from Smoke-Degraded Images Using a Generative Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.03039/) (2026)
- [NTIRE 2026 3D Restoration and Reconstruction in Real-world Adverse Conditions: RealX3D Challenge Results](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.04135/) (2026)
- [Unifying Color and Lightness Correction with View-Adaptive Curve Adjustment for Robust 3D Novel View Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.18322/) (2026)
- [SmokeGS-R: Physics-Guided Pseudo-Clean 3DGS for Real-World Multi-View Smoke Restoration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.05301/) (2026)
- [CHROMA: Consistent Harmonization of Multi-View Appearance via Bilateral Grid Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.15748/) (2025)
- [Naka-GS: Naka-Guided Chroma Correction and Point-Prior Compaction for Low-Light 3D Gaussian Splatting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.11142/) (2026)
- [Lumos3D: A Single-Forward Framework for Low-Light 3D Scene Restoration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.09818/) (2025)
- [High Dynamic Range 3D Gaussian Splatting via Luminance-Chromaticity Decomposition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.12895/) (2025)
- [Beyond Darkness: Thermal-Supervised 3D Gaussian Splatting for Low-Light Novel View Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.13011/) (2025)
- [SplatBright: Generalizable Low-Light Scene Reconstruction from Sparse Views via Physically-Guided Gaussian Enhancement](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.18655/) (2025)
- [Physically Inspired Gaussian Splatting for HDR Novel View Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.28020/) (2026)
- [ELoG-GS: Dual-Branch Gaussian Splatting with Luminance-Guided Enhancement for Extreme Low-light 3D Reconstruction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.12592/) (2026)
- [Light 'em Up: Enabling Few-Shot Low-Light 3D Gaussian Splatting with Multi-Scale Explicit Retinex Illumination Decoupling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.24053/) (2026)
- [P2GS: Physical Prior-guided Gaussian Splatting for Photometrically Consistent Urban Reconstruction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.16925/) (2026)
- [Fast Low-light Enhancement and Deblurring for 3D Dark Scenes](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.08133/) (2026)
- [InstantHDR: Single-forward Gaussian Splatting Initialization for HDR 3D Reconstruction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.11298/) (2026)
- [MERIT: Multi-domain Efficient RAW Image Translation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.20836/) (2026)
- [Scene-Adaptive Nonlinear Tone Curves for Pseudo Ground-Truth Generation in Low-Light 3D Gaussian Splatting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.11841/) (2026)
- [JSGS: JPEG State-Guided Supervision for 3D Gaussian Splatting from Mixed-Quality Views](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.08659/) (2026)
- [FujinSplat: Seeing Through Smoke with RAW-Domain Gaussian Splatting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.06017/) (2026)
- [NOVA-GS: Noise-Aware View-Consistent Gaussian Splatting for Low-Light Novel View Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.12682/) (2026)
- [What Builds the Scene? Luminance Dominates Geometry Formation in 3D Gaussian Splatting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.00749/) (2026)
- [EvenSplat: Coupled 2D-3D Decomposition for Gaussian Splatting under Exposure and Illumination Variation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.01876/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Capturing high-quality photographs under diverse real-world lighting conditions is challenging, as both natural lighting (e.g., low-light) and camera exposure settings (e.g., exposure time) significantly impact image quality. This challenge becomes more pronounced in multi-view scenarios, where variations in lighting and image signal processor (ISP) settings across viewpoints introduce photometric inconsistencies. Such lighting degradations and view-dependent variations pose substantial challenges to novel view synthesis (NVS) frameworks based on Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) and 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS). To address this, we introduce Luminance-GS, a novel approach to achieving high-quality novel view synthesis results under diverse challenging lighting conditions using 3DGS. By adopting per-view color matrix mapping and view-adaptive curve adjustments, Luminance-GS achieves state-of-the-art (SOTA) results across various lighting conditions -- including low-light, overexposure, and varying exposure -- while not altering the original 3DGS explicit representation. Compared to previous NeRF- and 3DGS-based baselines, Luminance-GS provides real-time rendering speed with improved reconstruction quality.