# Video Anomaly Detection with Structured Keywords

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.10653 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.10653/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 10 of its 20 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 7 Mar 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 10 of 10)

- [The Llama 3 Herd of Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.21783/) (2024)
- [MiniCPM: Unveiling the Potential of Small Language Models with Scalable Training Strategies](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.06395/) (2024)
- [Real-world Anomaly Detection in Surveillance Videos](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1801.04264/) (2018)
- [Future Frame Prediction for Anomaly Detection -- A New Baseline](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1712.09867/) (2017)
- [Not only Look, but also Listen: Learning Multimodal Violence Detection under Weak Supervision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.04687/) (2020)
- [Adversarially Learned One-Class Classifier for Novelty Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1802.09088/) (2018)
- [A Hybrid Video Anomaly Detection Framework via Memory-Augmented Flow Reconstruction and Flow-Guided Frame Prediction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2108.06852/) (2021)
- [Follow the Rules: Reasoning for Video Anomaly Detection with Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.10299/) (2024)
- [Deep Learning for Video Anomaly Detection: A Review](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.05383/) (2024)
- [MULDE: Multiscale Log-Density Estimation via Denoising Score Matching for Video Anomaly Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.14497/) (2024)

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [The Evolution of Video Anomaly Detection: A Unified Framework from DNN to MLLM](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.21649/) (2025)
- [Large Language Models for Crash Detection in Video: A Survey of Methods, Datasets, and Challenges](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.02074/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

This paper focuses on detecting anomalies in surveillance video using keywords by leveraging foundational models' feature representation generalization capabilities. We present a novel, lightweight pipeline for anomaly classification using keyword weights. Our pipeline employs a two-stage process: induction followed by deduction. In induction, descriptions are generated from normal and anomalous frames to identify and assign weights to relevant keywords. In deduction, inference frame descriptions are converted into keyword encodings using induction-derived weights for input into our neural network for anomaly classification. We achieved comparable performance on the three benchmarks UCSD Ped2, Shanghai Tech, and CUHK Avenue, with ROC AUC scores of 0.865, 0.745, and 0.742, respectively. These results are achieved without temporal context, making such a system viable for real-time applications. Our model improves implementation setup, interpretability, and inference speed for surveillance devices on the edge, introducing a performance trade-off against other video anomaly detection systems. As the generalization capabilities of open-source foundational models improve, our model demonstrates that the exclusive use of text for feature representations is a promising direction for efficient real-time interpretable video anomaly detection.