# Neural reservoir control of a soft bio-hybrid arm

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2503.09477 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.09477/

## Key facts

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- First posted on arXiv 12 Mar 2025.

## Abstract (arXiv)

A long-standing engineering problem, the control of soft robots is difficult because of their highly non-linear, heterogeneous, anisotropic, and distributed nature. Here, bridging engineering and biology, a neural reservoir is employed for the dynamic control of a bio-hybrid model arm made of multiple muscle-tendon groups enveloping an elastic spine. We show how the use of reservoirs facilitates simultaneous control and self-modeling across a set of challenging tasks, outperforming classic neural network approaches. Further, by implementing a spiking reservoir on neuromorphic hardware, energy efficiency is achieved, with nearly two-orders of magnitude improvement relative to standard CPUs, with implications for the on-board control of untethered, small-scale soft robots.