# Which Contributions Deserve Credit? Perceptions of Attribution in Human-AI Co-Creation

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.18357 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.18357/

## Key facts

- Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 34 of its 97 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 25 Feb 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 34)

- [The Rise and Potential of Large Language Model Based Agents: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2309.07864/) (2023)
- [GLTR: Statistical Detection and Visualization of Generated Text](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1906.04043/) (2019)
- [The Stable Signature: Rooting Watermarks in Latent Diffusion Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.15435/) (2023)
- [CoAuthor: Designing a Human-AI Collaborative Writing Dataset for Exploring Language Model Capabilities](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.06796/) (2022)
- [A Comprehensive Survey of AI-Generated Content (AIGC): A History of Generative AI from GAN to ChatGPT](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.04226/) (2023)
- [RADAR: Robust AI-Text Detection via Adversarial Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.03838/) (2023)
- [Generative artificial intelligence enhances creativity but reduces the diversity of novel content](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2312.00506/) (2023)
- [To Trust or to Think: Cognitive Forcing Functions Can Reduce Overreliance on AI in AI-assisted Decision-making](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.09692/) (2021)
- [Mapping the Increasing Use of LLMs in Scientific Papers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.01268/) (2024)
- [A Design Space for Intelligent and Interactive Writing Assistants](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.14117/) (2024)
- [Creative Writing with an AI-Powered Writing Assistant: Perspectives from Professional Writers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2211.05030/) (2022)
- ["I'm Not Sure, But...": Examining the Impact of Large Language Models' Uncertainty Expression on User Reliance and Trust](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.00623/) (2024)
- [Exploring LLM Prompting Strategies for Joint Essay Scoring and Feedback Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2404.15845/) (2024)
- [Designing Creative AI Partners with COFI: A Framework for Modeling Interaction in Human-AI Co-Creative Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.07666/) (2022)
- [Design Principles for Generative AI Applications](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.14484/) (2024)
- [Investigating Explainability of Generative AI for Code through Scenario-based Design](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.04903/) (2022)
- [Need Help? Designing Proactive AI Assistants for Programming](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.04596/) (2024)
- [Perfection Not Required? Human-AI Partnerships in Code Translation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2104.03820/) (2021)
- [The Value, Benefits, and Concerns of Generative AI-Powered Assistance in Writing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.12004/) (2024)
- [A Robot Walks into a Bar: Can Language Models Serve as Creativity Support Tools for Comedy? An Evaluation of LLMs' Humour Alignment with Comedians](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.20956/) (2024)
- [AI Song Contest: Human-AI Co-Creation in Songwriting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.05388/) (2020)
- [ReelFramer: Human-AI Co-Creation for News-to-Video Translation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.09653/) (2023)
- [GhostWriter: Augmenting Collaborative Human-AI Writing Experiences Through Personalization and Agency](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.08855/) (2024)
- ["It Felt Like Having a Second Mind": Investigating Human-AI Co-creativity in Prewriting with Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.10811/) (2023)
- [Corporate Communication Companion (CCC): An LLM-empowered Writing Assistant for Workplace Social Media](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.04656/) (2024)
- [PodReels: Human-AI Co-Creation of Video Podcast Teasers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.05867/) (2023)
- [Tweetorial Hooks: Generative AI Tools to Motivate Science on Social Media](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.12265/) (2023)
- [Exploring Perspectives on the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Creativity of Knowledge Work: Beyond Mechanised Plagiarism and Stochastic Parrots](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.10751/) (2023)
- [Facilitating Human-LLM Collaboration through Factuality Scores and Source Attributions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.20434/) (2024)
- [Mapping the Design Space of Interactions in Human-AI Text Co-creation Tasks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.06430/) (2023)

## Built on by (most cited first, 14 of 14)

- [Can Good Writing Be Generative? Expert-Level AI Writing Emerges through Fine-Tuning on High-Quality Books](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.18353/) (2026)
- [Frankentext: Stitching random text fragments into long-form narratives](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.18128/) (2025)
- [Understanding, Protecting, and Augmenting Human Cognition with Generative AI: A Synthesis of the CHI 2025 Tools for Thought Workshop](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.21036/) (2025)
- [Vibe Coding in Product Teams: Reconfiguring AI-Assisted Workflows, Prototyping, and Collaboration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.10652/) (2025)
- [More Human or More AI? Visualizing Human-AI Collaboration Disclosures in Journalistic News Production](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.11072/) (2026)
- [The AI Memory Gap: Users Misremember What They Created With AI or Without](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.11851/) (2025)
- [Who Owns the Text? Design Patterns for Preserving Authorship in AI-Assisted Writing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.10236/) (2026)
- ["I Didn't Make the Micro Decisions": Measuring, Inducing, and Exposing Goal-Level AI Contributions in Collaboration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.21363/) (2026)
- ["Better Ask for Forgiveness than Permission": Practices and Policies of AI Disclosure in Freelance Work](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.07459/) (2026)
- [Upskilling with Generative AI: Practices and Challenges for Freelance Knowledge Workers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.27231/) (2026)
- [Clarus: Coordinating Autonomous Research Agents toward Web-Scale Scientific Collaboration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.30246/) (2026)
- [Value Over Language Model: Detecting Original Contribution in Writing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.00700/) (2026)
- [Ownership in AI-Assisted Everyday Tasks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.20658/) (2026)
- [When No One Owns the Judgment: Accountability Under Contribution Dissolution in Human-AI Collaboration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.29312/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

AI systems powered by large language models can act as capable assistants for writing and editing. In these tasks, the AI system acts as a co-creative partner, making novel contributions to an artifact-under-creation alongside its human partner(s). One question that arises in these scenarios is the extent to which AI should be credited for its contributions. We examined knowledge workers' views of attribution through a survey study (N=155) and found that they assigned different levels of credit across different contribution types, amounts, and initiative. Compared to a human partner, we observed a consistent pattern in which AI was assigned less credit for equivalent contributions. Participants felt that disclosing AI involvement was important and used a variety of criteria to make attribution judgments, including the quality of contributions, personal values, and technology considerations. Our results motivate and inform new approaches for crediting AI contributions to co-created work.