# DemoGen: Synthetic Demonstration Generation for Data-Efficient Visuomotor Policy Learning

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.16932 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.16932/

## Key facts

- Cited by 69 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 24 Feb 2025.

## Built on by (most cited first, 30 of 69)

- [GraspVLA: a Grasping Foundation Model Pre-trained on Billion-scale Synthetic Action Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.03233/) (2025)
- [DeepVerse: 4D Autoregressive Video Generation as a World Model](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.01103/) (2025)
- [StereoVLA: Enhancing Vision-Language-Action Models with Stereo Vision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.21970/) (2025)
- [Parallels Between VLA Model Post-Training and Human Motor Learning: Progress, Challenges, and Trends](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.20966/) (2025)
- [H3DP: Triply-Hierarchical Diffusion Policy for Visuomotor Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.07819/) (2025)
- [HumanoidGen: Data Generation for Bimanual Dexterous Manipulation via LLM Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.00833/) (2025)
- [VLA-Reasoner: Empowering Vision-Language-Action Models with Reasoning via Online Monte Carlo Tree Search](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.22643/) (2025)
- [Guiding Data Collection via Factored Scaling Curves](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.07728/) (2025)
- [VGGT-DP: Generalizable Robot Control via Vision Foundation Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.18778/) (2025)
- [DemoHLM: From One Demonstration to Generalizable Humanoid Loco-Manipulation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.11258/) (2025)
- [AnchorDream: Repurposing Video Diffusion for Embodiment-Aware Robot Data Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.11797/) (2025)
- [Dexterous Manipulation Policies from RGB Human Videos via 3D Hand-Object Trajectory Reconstruction](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.09013/) (2026)
- [Demystifying Action Space Design for Robotic Manipulation Policies](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.23408/) (2026)
- [Vision-Language-Action in Robotics: A Survey of Datasets, Benchmarks, and Data Engines](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.23001/) (2026)
- [MoMaGen: Generating Demonstrations under Soft and Hard Constraints for Multi-Step Bimanual Mobile Manipulation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.18316/) (2025)
- [Constraint-Preserving Data Generation for Visuomotor Policy Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.03944/) (2025)
- [Learning Primitive Embodied World Models: Towards Scalable Robotic Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.20840/) (2025)
- [R2RGEN: Real-to-Real 3D Data Generation for Spatially Generalized Manipulation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.08547/) (2025)
- [RESample: A Robust Data Augmentation Framework via Exploratory Sampling for Robotic Manipulation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.17640/) (2025)
- [TwinRL: Digital Twin-Driven Reinforcement Learning for Real-World Robotic Manipulation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.09023/) (2026)
- [Robot Learning from Human Videos: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.27621/) (2026)
- [LodeStar: Long-horizon Dexterity via Synthetic Data Augmentation from Human Demonstrations](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.17547/) (2025)
- [FieldGen: From Teleoperated Pre-Manipulation Trajectories to Field-Guided Data Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.20774/) (2025)
- [ReinforceGen: Hybrid Skill Policies with Automated Data Generation and Reinforcement Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.16861/) (2025)
- [Real2Edit2Real: Generating Robotic Demonstrations via a 3D Control Interface](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.19402/) (2025)
- [EmbodiedSWE: Coding Agents for Long Horizon Dexterous Robotics](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2609.27308/) (2026)
- [Flow with the Force Field: Learning 3D Compliant Flow Matching Policies from Force and Demonstration-Guided Simulation Data](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2510.02738/) (2025)
- [UMIGen: A Unified Framework for Egocentric Point Cloud Generation and Cross-Embodiment Robotic Imitation Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.09302/) (2025)
- [FAR-Dex: Few-shot Data Augmentation and Adaptive Residual Policy Refinement for Dexterous Manipulation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.10451/) (2026)
- [RoboDream: Compositional World Models for Scalable Robot Data Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2606.02577/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Visuomotor policies have shown great promise in robotic manipulation but often require substantial amounts of human-collected data for effective performance. A key reason underlying the data demands is their limited spatial generalization capability, which necessitates extensive data collection across different object configurations. In this work, we present DemoGen, a low-cost, fully synthetic approach for automatic demonstration generation. Using only one human-collected demonstration per task, DemoGen generates spatially augmented demonstrations by adapting the demonstrated action trajectory to novel object configurations. Visual observations are synthesized by leveraging 3D point clouds as the modality and rearranging the subjects in the scene via 3D editing. Empirically, DemoGen significantly enhances policy performance across a diverse range of real-world manipulation tasks, showing its applicability even in challenging scenarios involving deformable objects, dexterous hand end-effectors, and bimanual platforms. Furthermore, DemoGen can be extended to enable additional out-of-distribution capabilities, including disturbance resistance and obstacle avoidance.