# Perovskite-LLM: Knowledge-Enhanced Large Language Models for Perovskite Solar Cell Research

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.12669 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.12669/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 34 of its 75 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 18 Feb 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 34)

- [The Llama 3 Herd of Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.21783/) (2024)
- [LoRA: Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.09685/) (2021)
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- [Self-Refine: Iterative Refinement with Self-Feedback](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.17651/) (2023)
- [GPQA: A Graduate-Level Google-Proof Q&A Benchmark](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.12022/) (2023)
- [FlashAttention-2: Faster Attention with Better Parallelism and Work Partitioning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.08691/) (2023)
- [Large Language Models Encode Clinical Knowledge](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.13138/) (2022)
- [Solving Quantitative Reasoning Problems with Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2206.14858/) (2022)
- [Kimi k1.5: Scaling Reinforcement Learning with LLMs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.12599/) (2025)
- [LIMA: Less Is More for Alignment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.11206/) (2023)
- [Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.08302/) (2023)
- [Language Agent Tree Search Unifies Reasoning Acting and Planning in Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.04406/) (2023)
- [LIMO: Less is More for Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.03387/) (2025)
- [Can Generalist Foundation Models Outcompete Special-Purpose Tuning? Case Study in Medicine](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2311.16452/) (2023)
- [Unleashing the Emergent Cognitive Synergy in Large Language Models: A Task-Solving Agent through Multi-Persona Self-Collaboration](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2307.05300/) (2023)
- [What can Large Language Models do in chemistry? A comprehensive benchmark on eight tasks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.18365/) (2023)
- [Debug like a Human: A Large Language Model Debugger via Verifying Runtime Execution Step-by-step](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.16906/) (2024)
- [SciEval: A Multi-Level Large Language Model Evaluation Benchmark for Scientific Research](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.13149/) (2023)
- [Mindstorms in Natural Language-Based Societies of Mind](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.17066/) (2023)
- [Code Generation with AlphaCodium: From Prompt Engineering to Flow Engineering](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.08500/) (2024)
- [Towards Foundation Models for Knowledge Graph Reasoning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.04562/) (2023)
- [Multi-Modal Knowledge Graph Construction and Application: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2202.05786/) (2022)
- [Lemur: Harmonizing Natural Language and Code for Language Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.06830/) (2023)
- [RedStar: Does Scaling Long-CoT Data Unlock Better Slow-Reasoning Systems?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.11284/) (2025)
- [HoneyComb: A Flexible LLM-Based Agent System for Materials Science](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2409.00135/) (2024)
- [Are LLMs Ready for Real-World Materials Discovery?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2402.05200/) (2024)
- [MatSci-NLP: Evaluating Scientific Language Models on Materials Science Language Tasks Using Text-to-Schema Modeling](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.08264/) (2023)
- [MobileExperts: A Dynamic Tool-Enabled Agent Team in Mobile Devices](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.03913/) (2024)
- [HAIChart: Human and AI Paired Visualization System](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.11033/) (2024)
- [SciQAG: A Framework for Auto-Generated Science Question Answering Dataset with Fine-grained Evaluation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2405.09939/) (2024)

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [PeroMAS: A Multi-agent System of Perovskite Material Discovery](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.13312/) (2026)
- [Perovskite-R1: a domain-specialized large language model for intelligent discovery of precursor additives and experimental design](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.16307/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The rapid advancement of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) has led to an exponential growth in research publications, creating an urgent need for efficient knowledge management and reasoning systems in this domain. We present a comprehensive knowledge-enhanced system for PSCs that integrates three key components. First, we develop Perovskite-KG, a domain-specific knowledge graph constructed from 1,517 research papers, containing 23,789 entities and 22,272 relationships. Second, we create two complementary datasets: Perovskite-Chat, comprising 55,101 high-quality question-answer pairs generated through a novel multi-agent framework, and Perovskite-Reasoning, containing 2,217 carefully curated materials science problems. Third, we introduce two specialized large language models: Perovskite-Chat-LLM for domain-specific knowledge assistance and Perovskite-Reasoning-LLM for scientific reasoning tasks. Experimental results demonstrate that our system significantly outperforms existing models in both domain-specific knowledge retrieval and scientific reasoning tasks, providing researchers with effective tools for literature review, experimental design, and complex problem-solving in PSC research.