# FontCraft: Multimodal Font Design Using Interactive Bayesian Optimization

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.11399 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.11399/

## Key facts

- Cited by 7 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 17 Feb 2025.

## Built on by (most cited first, 7 of 7)

- [XAgen: An Explainability Tool for Identifying and Correcting Failures in Multi-Agent Workflows](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2512.17896/) (2025)
- [VecGlypher: Unified Vector Glyph Generation with Language Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.21461/) (2026)
- [Efficient Visual Appearance Optimization by Learning from Prior Preferences](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.15355/) (2025)
- [GimmBO: Interactive Generative Image Model Merging via Bayesian Optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.18585/) (2026)
- [Cost-Aware Bayesian Optimization for Prototyping Interactive Devices](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.01774/) (2026)
- [Adaptive Prompt Elicitation for Text-to-Image Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.04713/) (2026)
- [DesigNet: Learning to Draw Vector Graphics as Designers Do](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.06494/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Creating new fonts requires a lot of human effort and professional typographic knowledge. Despite the rapid advancements of automatic font generation models, existing methods require users to prepare pre-designed characters with target styles using font-editing software, which poses a problem for non-expert users. To address this limitation, we propose FontCraft, a system that enables font generation without relying on pre-designed characters. Our approach integrates the exploration of a font-style latent space with human-in-the-loop preferential Bayesian optimization and multimodal references, facilitating efficient exploration and enhancing user control. Moreover, FontCraft allows users to revisit previous designs, retracting their earlier choices in the preferential Bayesian optimization process. Once users finish editing the style of a selected character, they can propagate it to the remaining characters and further refine them as needed. The system then generates a complete outline font in OpenType format. We evaluated the effectiveness of FontCraft through a user study comparing it to a baseline interface. Results from both quantitative and qualitative evaluations demonstrate that FontCraft enables non-expert users to design fonts efficiently.