# Pearce's Characterisation in an Epistemic Domain

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.09221 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.09221/

## Key facts

- Cited by 1 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 1 of its 19 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 13 Feb 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Refining the Semantics of Epistemic Specifications](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.08289/) (2021)

## Built on by (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [Explainable Belief Harmonization under Dynamic Epistemic Partitions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.21210/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Answer-set programming (ASP) is a successful problem-solving approach in logic-based AI. In ASP, problems are represented as declarative logic programs, and solutions are identified through their answer sets. Equilibrium logic (EL) is a general-purpose nonmonotonic reasoning formalism, based on a monotonic logic called here-and-there logic. EL was basically proposed by Pearce as a foundational framework of ASP. Epistemic specifications (ES) are extensions of ASP-programs with subjective literals. These new modal constructs in the ASP-language make it possible to check whether a regular literal of ASP is true in every (or some) answer-set of a program. ES-programs are interpreted by world-views, which are essentially collections of answer-sets. (Reflexive) autoepistemic logic is a nonmonotonic formalism, modeling self-belief (knowledge) of ideally rational agents. A relatively new semantics for ES is based on a combination of EL and (reflexive) autoepistemic logic. In this paper, we first propose an overarching framework in the epistemic ASP domain. We then establish a correspondence between existing (reflexive) (auto)epistemic equilibrium logics and our easily-adaptable comprehensive framework, building on Pearce's characterisation of answer-sets as equilibrium models. We achieve this by extending Ferraris' work on answer sets for propositional theories to the epistemic case and reveal the relationship between some ES-semantic proposals.