# Quantum Trojan Insertion: Controlled Activation for Covert Circuit Manipulation

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.08880 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.08880/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 13 Feb 2025.

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Quantum Properties Trojans (QuPTs) for Attacking Quantum Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.08202/) (2025)
- [SQUASH: A SWAP-Based Quantum Attack to Sabotage Hybrid Quantum Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.24081/) (2025)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Quantum computing has demonstrated superior efficiency compared to classical computing. Quantum circuits are essential for implementing functions and achieving correct computational outcomes. Quantum circuit compilers, which translate high-level quantum operations into hardware-specific gates while optimizing performance, serve as the interface between the quantum software stack and physical quantum machines. However, untrusted compilers can introduce malicious hardware Trojans into quantum circuits, altering their functionality and leading to incorrect results. In the world of classical computing, effective hardware Trojans are a critical threat to integrated circuits. This process often involves stealthily inserting conditional logic gates that activate under specific input conditions. In this paper, we propose a novel advanced quantum Trojan that is controllable, allowing it to be activated or deactivated under different circumstances. These Trojans remain dormant until triggered by predefined input conditions, making detection challenging. Through a series of benchmark experiments, we demonstrate the feasibility of this method by evaluating the effectiveness of embedding controlled trojans in quantum circuits and measuring their impact on circuit performance and security.