# Token-Domain Multiple Access: Exploiting Semantic Orthogonality for Collision Mitigation

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.06118 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.06118/

## Key facts

- Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 10 Feb 2025.

## Built on by (most cited first, 11 of 11)

- [Adaptive Semantic Token Communication for Transformer-based Edge Inference](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.17604/) (2025)
- [Token Communication in the Era of Large Models: An Information Bottleneck-Based Approach](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.01728/) (2025)
- [ToDMA: Large Model-Driven Massive Token Communications for Semantic Multiple Access](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.10946/) (2025)
- [Joint Semantic-Channel Coding and Modulation for Token Communications](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.15699/) (2025)
- [Low-Complexity Semantic Packet Aggregation for Token Communication via Lookahead Search](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.19451/) (2025)
- [Video TokenCom: Textual Intent-Guided Multi-Rate Video Token Communications with UEP-Based Adaptive Source-Channel Coding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.02470/) (2026)
- [TokenCom: Vision-Language Model for Multimodal and Multitask Token Communications](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.00482/) (2026)
- [Context-Aware Iterative Token Detection and Masked Transmission for Wireless Token Communication](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.17770/) (2026)
- [Ada-TokenCom: Rate-Adaptive Token Communications via Large-Model-Driven Token Compression and Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.28086/) (2026)
- [TACO: Rethinking Semantic Communications with Task Adaptation and Context Embedding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.10834/) (2025)
- [ImpactHO: Importance-Aware KV Cache Transfer for Multi-User Edge LLM Handover](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.10545/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Token communications is an emerging generative semantic communication concept that reduces transmission rates by using context and transformer-based token processing, with tokens serving as universal semantic units. In this paper, we propose a semantic multiple access scheme in the token domain, referred to as ToDMA, where a large number of devices share a tokenizer and a modulation codebook for source and channel coding, respectively. Specifically, the source signal is tokenized into sequences, with each token modulated into a codeword. Codewords from multiple devices are transmitted simultaneously, resulting in overlap at the receiver. The receiver detects the transmitted tokens, assigns them to their respective sources, and mitigates token collisions by leveraging context and semantic orthogonality across the devices' messages. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed ToDMA framework outperforms context-unaware orthogonal and non-orthogonal communication methods in image transmission tasks, achieving lower latency and better image quality.