# ScholaWrite: A Dataset of End-to-End Scholarly Writing Process

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2502.02904 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.02904/

## Key facts

- Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 22 of its 69 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 5 Feb 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 22 of 22)

- [BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1810.04805/) (2018)
- [The Llama 3 Herd of Models](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2407.21783/) (2024)
- [RoBERTa: A Robustly Optimized BERT Pretraining Approach](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.11692/) (2019)
- [BERTScore: Evaluating Text Generation with BERT](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1904.09675/) (2019)
- [QLoRA: Efficient Finetuning of Quantized LLMs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2305.14314/) (2023)
- [The AI Scientist: Towards Fully Automated Open-Ended Scientific Discovery](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.06292/) (2024)
- [How Johnny Can Persuade LLMs to Jailbreak Them: Rethinking Persuasion to Challenge AI Safety by Humanizing LLMs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2401.06373/) (2024)
- [Can large language models provide useful feedback on research papers? A large-scale empirical analysis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2310.01783/) (2023)
- [Understanding Iterative Revision from Human-Written Text](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.03802/) (2022)
- [Read, Revise, Repeat: A System Demonstration for Human-in-the-loop Iterative Text Revision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.03685/) (2022)
- [Latxa: An Open Language Model and Evaluation Suite for Basque](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.20266/) (2024)
- [Revise and Resubmit: An Intertextual Model of Text-based Collaboration in Peer Review](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2204.10805/) (2022)
- [ARIES: A Corpus of Scientific Paper Edits Made in Response to Peer Reviews](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2306.12587/) (2023)
- [Open, Closed, or Small Language Models for Text Classification?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2308.10092/) (2023)
- [arXivEdits: Understanding the Human Revision Process in Scientific Writing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.15067/) (2022)
- [Towards Automated Document Revision: Grammatical Error Correction, Fluency Edits, and Beyond](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2205.11484/) (2022)
- [Improving Iterative Text Revision by Learning Where to Edit from Other Revision Tasks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.01350/) (2022)
- [Diamonds in the Rough: Generating Fluent Sentences from Early-Stage Drafts for Academic Writing Assistance](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1910.09180/) (2019)
- [CASIMIR: A Corpus of Scientific Articles enhanced with Multiple Author-Integrated Revisions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2403.00241/) (2024)
- [Text revision in Scientific Writing Assistance: An Overview](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2303.16726/) (2023)
- [Decoding the End-to-end Writing Trajectory in Scholarly Manuscripts](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2304.00121/) (2023)
- [Assessing Generative Language Models in Classification Tasks: Performance and Self-Evaluation Capabilities in the Environmental and Climate Change Domain](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2408.17362/) (2024)

## Built on by (most cited first, 9 of 9)

- [From Hypothesis to Publication: A Comprehensive Survey of AI-Driven Research Support Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.01424/) (2025)
- [How Problematic Writer-AI Interactions (Rather than Problematic AI) Hinder Writers' Idea Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2503.11915/) (2025)
- [LawFlow: Collecting and Simulating Lawyers' Thought Processes on Business Formation Case Studies](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.18942/) (2025)
- [Improving Attributed Long-form Question Answering with Intent Awareness](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.27435/) (2026)
- [Stealing Creator's Workflow: A Creator-Inspired Agentic Framework with Iterative Feedback Loop for Improved Scientific Short-form Generation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2504.18805/) (2025)
- [Detecting Cognitive Signatures in Typing Behavior for Non-Intrusive Authorship Verification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.00177/) (2026)
- ["I Wrote, I Paused, I Rewrote" Teaching LLMs to Read Between the Lines of Student Writing](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.08221/) (2025)
- [ExPerT: Personalizing LLM Responses to Users' Domain Expertise via Query-Wise Semantic and Keystroke Behavioral Cues](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2607.01242/) (2026)
- [Learning Scientific Exploration from Human Research Decision Trajectories](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2610.07184/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Writing is a cognitively demanding activity that requires constant decision-making, heavy reliance on working memory, and frequent shifts between tasks of different goals. To build writing assistants that truly align with writers' cognition, we must capture and decode the complete thought process behind how writers transform ideas into final texts. We present ScholaWrite, the first dataset of end-to-end scholarly writing, tracing the multi-month journey from initial drafts to final manuscripts. We contribute three key advances: (1) a Chrome extension that unobtrusively records keystrokes on Overleaf, enabling the collection of realistic, in-situ writing data; (2) a novel corpus of full scholarly manuscripts, enriched with fine-grained annotations of cognitive writing intentions. The dataset includes LaTeX-based edits from five computer science preprints, capturing nearly 62K text changes over four months; and (3) analyses and insights into the micro-dynamics of scholarly writing, highlighting gaps between human writing processes and the current capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in providing meaningful assistance. ScholaWrite underscores the value of capturing end-to-end writing data to develop future writing assistants that support, not replace, the cognitive work of scientists.