# iFormer: Integrating ConvNet and Transformer for Mobile Application

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.15369 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.15369/

## Key facts

- Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 72 of its 82 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 26 Jan 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 30 of 72)

- [Attention Is All You Need](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1706.03762/) (2017)
- [Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1512.03385/) (2015)
- [An Image is Worth 16x16 Words: Transformers for Image Recognition at Scale](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2010.11929/) (2020)
- [Swin Transformer: Hierarchical Vision Transformer using Shifted Windows](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.14030/) (2021)
- [Mask R-CNN](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1703.06870/) (2017)
- [Batch Normalization: Accelerating Deep Network Training by Reducing Internal Covariate Shift](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1502.03167/) (2015)
- [EfficientNet: Rethinking Model Scaling for Convolutional Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.11946/) (2019)
- [Layer Normalization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1607.06450/) (2016)
- [MobileNetV2: Inverted Residuals and Linear Bottlenecks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1801.04381/) (2018)
- [Training data-efficient image transformers & distillation through attention](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2012.12877/) (2020)
- [Going Deeper with Convolutions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1409.4842/) (2014)
- [MobileNets: Efficient Convolutional Neural Networks for Mobile Vision Applications](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1704.04861/) (2017)
- [A ConvNet for the 2020s](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.03545/) (2022)
- [SegFormer: Simple and Efficient Design for Semantic Segmentation with Transformers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.15203/) (2021)
- [Searching for MobileNetV3](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.02244/) (2019)
- [Pyramid Vision Transformer: A Versatile Backbone for Dense Prediction without Convolutions](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2102.12122/) (2021)
- [GLU Variants Improve Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2002.05202/) (2020)
- [MLP-Mixer: An all-MLP Architecture for Vision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2105.01601/) (2021)
- [MMDetection: Open MMLab Detection Toolbox and Benchmark](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1906.07155/) (2019)
- [ShuffleNet: An Extremely Efficient Convolutional Neural Network for Mobile Devices](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1707.01083/) (2017)
- [ShuffleNet V2: Practical Guidelines for Efficient CNN Architecture Design](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1807.11164/) (2018)
- [Token Merging: Your ViT But Faster](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2210.09461/) (2022)
- [Scaling Vision Transformers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.04560/) (2021)
- [Designing Network Design Spaces](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2003.13678/) (2020)
- [DynamicViT: Efficient Vision Transformers with Dynamic Token Sparsification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.02034/) (2021)
- [Are Sixteen Heads Really Better than One?](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1905.10650/) (2019)
- [Going deeper with Image Transformers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2103.17239/) (2021)
- [PVT v2: Improved Baselines with Pyramid Vision Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2106.13797/) (2021)
- [Panoptic Feature Pyramid Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1901.02446/) (2019)
- [MobileViT: Light-weight, General-purpose, and Mobile-friendly Vision Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.02178/) (2021)

## Built on by (most cited first, 9 of 9)

- [SF-Mamba: Rethinking State Space Model for Vision](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.16423/) (2026)
- [S2AFormer: Strip Self-Attention for Efficient Vision Transformer](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2505.22195/) (2025)
- [GasTwinFormer: A Hybrid Vision Transformer for Livestock Methane Emission Segmentation and Dietary Classification in Optical Gas Imaging](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.15057/) (2025)
- [WeedRepFormer: Reparameterizable Vision Transformers for Real-Time Waterhemp Segmentation and Gender Classification](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2601.03431/) (2026)
- [ReGLA: Efficient Receptive-Field Modeling with Gated Linear Attention Network](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.05262/) (2026)
- [SAPNet++: Evolving Point-Prompted Instance Segmentation with Semantic and Spatial Awareness](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2602.21762/) (2026)
- [TRACE: Thermal Recognition Attentive-Framework for CO2 Emissions from Livestock](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.09648/) (2026)
- [MicroViTv2: Beyond the FLOPS for Edge Energy-Friendly Vision Transformers](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.10148/) (2026)
- [CoDAT: Collaborative Dual-Attention Transformer with Low-Cost Temporal Modeling for Efficient Edge Action Recognition](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.06691/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

We present a new family of mobile hybrid vision networks, called iFormer, with a focus on optimizing latency and accuracy on mobile applications. iFormer effectively integrates the fast local representation capacity of convolution with the efficient global modeling ability of self-attention. The local interactions are derived from transforming a standard convolutional network, textiti.e., ConvNeXt, to design a more lightweight mobile network. Our newly introduced mobile modulation attention removes memory-intensive operations in MHA and employs an efficient modulation mechanism to boost dynamic global representational capacity. We conduct comprehensive experiments demonstrating that iFormer outperforms existing lightweight networks across various tasks. Notably, iFormer achieves an impressive Top-1 accuracy of 80.4% on ImageNet-1k with a latency of only 1.10 ms on an iPhone 13, surpassing the recently proposed MobileNetV4 under similar latency constraints. Additionally, our method shows significant improvements in downstream tasks, including COCO object detection, instance segmentation, and ADE20k semantic segmentation, while still maintaining low latency on mobile devices for high-resolution inputs in these scenarios.