# A Zero-Shot LLM Framework for Automatic Assignment Grading in Higher Education

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.14305 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.14305/

## Key facts

- Cited by 3 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 24 Jan 2025.

## Built on by (most cited first, 3 of 3)

- [LLM-as-a-Grader: Practical Insights from Large Language Model for Short-Answer and Report Evaluation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.10819/) (2025)
- [Scaling Equitable Reflection Assessment in Education via Large Language Models and Role-Based Feedback Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.11772/) (2025)
- [Runtime Burden Allocation for Structured LLM Routing in Agentic Expert Systems: A Full-Factorial Cross-Backend Methodology](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2604.01235/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Automated grading has become an essential tool in education technology due to its ability to efficiently assess large volumes of student work, provide consistent and unbiased evaluations, and deliver immediate feedback to enhance learning. However, current systems face significant limitations, including the need for large datasets in few-shot learning methods, a lack of personalized and actionable feedback, and an overemphasis on benchmark performance rather than student experience. To address these challenges, we propose a Zero-Shot Large Language Model (LLM)-Based Automated Assignment Grading (AAG) system. This framework leverages prompt engineering to evaluate both computational and explanatory student responses without requiring additional training or fine-tuning. The AAG system delivers tailored feedback that highlights individual strengths and areas for improvement, thereby enhancing student learning outcomes. Our study demonstrates the system's effectiveness through comprehensive evaluations, including survey responses from higher education students that indicate significant improvements in motivation, understanding, and preparedness compared to traditional grading methods. The results validate the AAG system's potential to transform educational assessment by prioritizing learning experiences and providing scalable, high-quality feedback.