# Evaluating Human Perception of Novel View Synthesis: Subjective Quality Assessment of Gaussian Splatting and NeRF in Dynamic Scenes

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.08072 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.08072/

## Key facts

- Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 13 Jan 2025.

## Built on by (most cited first, 9 of 9)

- [GS-QA: Comprehensive Quality Assessment Benchmark for Gaussian Splatting View Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2502.13196/) (2025)
- [3DGS-IEval-15K: A Large-scale Image Quality Evaluation Database for 3D Gaussian-Splatting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2506.14642/) (2025)
- [PRIMU: Uncertainty Estimation for Novel Views in Gaussian Splatting from Primitive-Based Representations of Error and Coverage](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.02443/) (2025)
- [3DGS-VBench: A Comprehensive Video Quality Evaluation Benchmark for 3DGS Compression](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.07038/) (2025)
- [MUGSQA: Novel Multi-Uncertainty-Based Gaussian Splatting Quality Assessment Method, Dataset, and Benchmarks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.06830/) (2025)
- [Objectness Similarity: Capturing Object-Level Fidelity in 3D Scene Evaluation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2509.09143/) (2025)
- [Non-Aligned Reference Image Quality Assessment for Novel View Synthesis](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2511.08155/) (2025)
- [Aes3D: Aesthetic Assessment in 3D Gaussian Splatting](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2605.05155/) (2026)
- [3DGSI-Assessor: A Large-Scale Dataset and An LMM-based Method for 3D Gaussian Splatting Image Quality Assessment](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.03279/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Gaussian Splatting (GS) and Neural Radiance Fields (NeRF) are two groundbreaking technologies that have revolutionized the field of Novel View Synthesis (NVS), enabling immersive photorealistic rendering and user experiences by synthesizing multiple viewpoints from a set of images of sparse views. The potential applications of NVS, such as high-quality virtual and augmented reality, detailed 3D modeling, and realistic medical organ imaging, underscore the importance of quality assessment of NVS methods from the perspective of human perception. Although some previous studies have explored subjective quality assessments for NVS technology, they still face several challenges, especially in NVS methods selection, scenario coverage, and evaluation methodology. To address these challenges, we conducted two subjective experiments for the quality assessment of NVS technologies containing both GS-based and NeRF-based methods, focusing on dynamic and real-world scenes. This study covers 360deg, front-facing, and single-viewpoint videos while providing a richer and greater number of real scenes. Meanwhile, it's the first time to explore the impact of NVS methods in dynamic scenes with moving objects. The two types of subjective experiments help to fully comprehend the influences of different viewing paths from a human perception perspective and pave the way for future development of full-reference and no-reference quality metrics. In addition, we established a comprehensive benchmark of various state-of-the-art objective metrics on the proposed database, highlighting that existing methods still struggle to accurately capture subjective quality. The results give us some insights into the limitations of existing NVS methods and may promote the development of new NVS methods.