# ELIZA Reanimated: The world's first chatbot restored on the world's first time sharing system

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.06707 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.06707/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 1 of its 15 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 12 Jan 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 1 of 1)

- [ELIZA Reinterpreted: The world's first chatbot was not intended as a chatbot at all](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.17650/) (2024)

## Abstract (arXiv)

ELIZA, created by Joseph Weizenbaum at MIT in the early 1960s, is usually considered the world's first chatbot. It was developed in MAD-SLIP on MIT's CTSS, the world's first time-sharing system, on an IBM 7094. We discovered an original ELIZA printout in Prof. Weizenbaum's archives at MIT, including an early version of the famous DOCTOR script, a nearly complete version of the MAD-SLIP code, and various support functions in MAD and FAP. Here we describe the reanimation of this original ELIZA on a restored CTSS, itself running on an emulated IBM 7094. The entire stack is open source, so that any user of a unix-like OS can run the world's first chatbot on the world's first time-sharing system.