# Cross-Technology Interference: Detection, Avoidance, and Coexistence Mechanisms in the ISM Bands

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.06446 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.06446/

## Key facts

- No citing papers in the map yet (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 9 of its 83 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 11 Jan 2025.

## Builds on (most cited first, 9 of 9)

- [DiSAN: Directional Self-Attention Network for RNN/CNN-Free Language Understanding](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1709.04696/) (2017)
- [Model-free Training of End-to-end Communication Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1812.05929/) (2018)
- [Wi-Fi Meets ML: A Survey on Improving IEEE 802.11 Performance with Machine Learning](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2109.04786/) (2021)
- [Gating Revisited: Deep Multi-layer RNNs That Can Be Trained](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1911.11033/) (2019)
- [Interference Suppression Using Deep Learning: Current Approaches and Open Challenges](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2112.08988/) (2021)
- [Fully Convolutional Neural Networks for Automotive Radar Interference Mitigation](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2007.11102/) (2020)
- [Outage Probability of UAV Communications in the Presence of Interference](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1806.09843/) (2018)
- [QF-MAC: Adaptive, Local Channel Hopping for Interference Avoidance in Wireless Meshes](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2212.08161/) (2022)
- [Cross-Technology Communication for the Internet of Things: A Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2203.14813/) (2022)

## Abstract (arXiv)

A large number of heterogeneous wireless networks share the unlicensed spectrum designated as the ISM (Industry, Scientific, and Medicine) radio band. These networks do not adhere to a common medium access rule and differ in their specifications considerably. As a result, when concurrently active, they cause cross-technology interference (CTI) on each other. The effect of this interference is not reciprocal, the networks using high transmission power and advanced transmission schemes often causing disproportionate disruptions to those with modest communication and computation resources. CTI corrupts packets, incurs packet retransmission cost, introduces end-to-end latency and jitter, and make networks unpredictable. The purpose of this paper is to closely examine its impact on low-power networks which are based on the IEEE 802.15.4 standard. It discusses latest developments on CTI detection, coexistence and avoidance mechanisms as well on messaging schemes which attempt to enable heterogeneous networks directly communicate with one another to coordinate packet transmission and channel assignment.