# Probabilistic Mission Design for Neuro-Symbolic Unmanned Aircraft Systems

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2501.01439 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2501.01439/

## Key facts

- Cited by 4 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- Builds on 6 of its 32 references that are in the map.
- First posted on arXiv 25 Dec 2024.

## Builds on (most cited first, 6 of 6)

- [Neural Probabilistic Logic Programming in DeepProbLog](https://mlsanity.com/paper/1907.08194/) (2019)
- [A Transformer-Based Siamese Network for Change Detection](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2201.01293/) (2022)
- [SLASH: Embracing Probabilistic Circuits into Neural Answer Set Programming](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2110.03395/) (2021)
- [Mission Design for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles using Hybrid Probabilistic Logic Programs](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.03454/) (2024)
- [Towards Probabilistic Clearance, Explanation and Optimization](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2406.15088/) (2024)
- [Error Decomposition for Hybrid Localization Systems](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2410.14264/) (2024)

## Built on by (most cited first, 4 of 4)

- [Agentic Vehicles for Human-Centered Mobility: Definition, Prospects, and Synergistic Co-Development with Vehicle Autonomy](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.04996/) (2025)
- [The Constitutional Controller: Doubt-Calibrated Steering of Compliant Agents](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2507.15478/) (2025)
- [Integrating Neurosymbolic AI in Advanced Air Mobility: A Comprehensive Survey](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2508.07163/) (2025)
- [Right in Time: Reactive Reasoning in Regulated Traffic Spaces](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2603.03977/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

Advanced Air Mobility (AAM) is a growing field that demands accurate and trustworthy models of legal concepts and restrictions for navigating Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS). In addition, any implementation of AAM needs to face the challenges posed by inherently dynamic and uncertain human-inhabited spaces robustly. Nevertheless, the employment of UAS beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) is an endearing task that promises to significantly enhance today's logistics and emergency response capabilities. Hence, we propose Probabilistic Mission Design (ProMis), a novel neuro-symbolic approach to navigating UAS within legal frameworks. ProMis is an interpretable and adaptable system architecture that links uncertain geospatial data and noisy perception with declarative, Hybrid Probabilistic Logic Programs (HPLP) to reason over the agent's state space and its legality. To inform planning with legal restrictions and uncertainty in mind, ProMis yields Probabilistic Mission Landscapes (PML). These scalar fields quantify the belief that the HPLP is satisfied across the agent's state space. Extending prior work on ProMis' reasoning capabilities and computational characteristics, we show its integration with potent machine learning models such as Large Language Models (LLM) and Transformer-based vision models. Hence, our experiments underpin the application of ProMis with multi-modal input data and how our method applies to many AAM scenarios.