# Estimating Varying Parameters in Dynamical Systems: A Modular Framework Using Switch Detection, Optimization, and Sparse Regression

arXiv: https://arxiv.org/abs/2412.16198 · HTML: https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.16198/

## Key facts

- Cited by 2 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026).
- First posted on arXiv 16 Dec 2024.

## Built on by (most cited first, 2 of 2)

- [Predator Prey Scavenger Model using Holling's Functional Response of Type III and Physics-Informed Deep Neural Networks](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2412.18344/) (2024)
- [Variational Parameter Calibration with Physics-Aware Latent-Space Surrogates](https://mlsanity.com/paper/2608.11435/) (2026)

## Abstract (arXiv)

The estimation of static parameters in dynamical systems and control theory has been extensively studied, with significant progress made in estimating varying parameters in specific system types. Suppose, in the general case, we have data from a system with parameters that depend on an independent variable such as time or space. Further, suppose the system's model structure is known, but our aim is to identify functions describing parameter-varying elements as they change with respect to time or another variable. Focusing initially on the subclass of problems where parameters are discretely switching piecewise constant functions, we develop an algorithmic framework for detecting discrete parameter switches and fitting a piecewise constant model to data using optimization-based parameter estimation. Our modular framework allows for customization of switch detection, numerical integration, and optimization sub-steps to suit user requirements. Binary segmentation is used for switch detection, with Nelder-Mead and Powell methods employed for optimization. To address broader problems, we extend our framework using dictionary-based sparse regression with trigonometric and polynomial functions to obtain continuously varying parameter functions. Finally, we assess the framework's robustness to measurement noise. We demonstrate its capabilities across several examples, including time-varying promoter-gene expression, a genetic toggle switch, a parameter-switching manifold, the heat equation with a time-varying diffusion coefficient, and the advection-diffusion equation with a continuously varying parameter.